Renal Colic And Haematuria Flashcards

1
Q

name three genetic conditions that have RCC as a consequence

A

von Hippel Lindau syndrome
Hereditary clear cell RCC
hereditary papillary RCC

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2
Q

what does RCC stand for

A

Renal cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
arise from proximal tubular epithelium

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3
Q

What does TCC stand for

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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4
Q

name three signs of RCC

A

Haematuria
costovertebral pain
palpable mass
(can also can fever, malaise, weakness, weight loss)

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5
Q

what is the definition of haematuria

A

excretion of 3 or more RBCs per high powered field in freshly voided urine

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6
Q

2 tpyes of haematuria

A

macroscopic and microscopic

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7
Q

name at least 2 medical causes of haematuria

A
glomerulonephritis
AI/vasculitis (SLE, Wegner's)
Genetic (sickle cell, polycystic kidneys)
Infections (TB)
Diabetes
Amyloidosis
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8
Q

name at least 2 causes of surgical renal and LUT cause of haematuria

A
tumours
calculi
trauma
BPH
urethral stricture
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9
Q

what are the main risk factors associated with developmetn of RCC

A
SMOKING
obesity
asbestos
unopposed oestrogen
chronic renal fialure
some heavy metals
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10
Q

where do TCCs arise from

A

anywhere between the renal pelvis and urethra (inc ureter and bladder)

bladder is commonest

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11
Q

in which group of people do transitional cell carcinomas usually arise?

A

over 50s who smoke

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12
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of TCC

A
painless haematuria (85%)
irritating bladder symptoms (20%) (frequency urgency and dysuria)
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13
Q

what is urolithiasis

A

kidney stone

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14
Q

what is the most common type of calculi

A

calcium oxalate and phosphate

2nd struvite

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15
Q

what is the most common infection that causes haematuria

A

e coli

also:
enterococcus faecalis
pseudomonas
klebsiella

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16
Q

what are the risk factors for TCC:

A
  • exposure to industrial chemical carcinogens - beta-naphthylaminen and benzidine
  • exposure to drugs: phenacetin, cyclophosphamide
  • chronic inflammation