Renal - Clinical Flashcards
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase excretion of what
Bicarbonate
What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors primarily used for
- reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma
- enhance bicarbonate excretion in alkalosis
- preventing altitude sickness
When are osmotic diuretics used to do what
Hypertonic so it can expand ECF volume and increase ECV
How do you have to deliver osmotic diuretics
By IV since GI can’t absorb it and it results in osmotic diarrhea
How do osmotic diuretics work
They inhibit urinary concentrating abilities so water is excreted
What is the primary use of loop diuretics
CHF
What are loop diuretics sometimes called
Potassium wasting
Increases tubular flow rate and delivery of sodium to the DT and exchanges for K
What are the side effects of loop diuretics
Can cause hearing loss (ototoxic drugs) and tinnitus
What do thiazides inhibit
NCC co-transporter
What are some contraindications of thiazides
Bad for high age or decreased GFR
Thiazides increase secretion of? Increase reabsorption of?
K Mg; Ca
What do thiazides do to urine
- increases urine volume
- decreases urinary Ca
- increases urinary Na
- increases urinary Cl
What are potassium sparing drugs called
Mineralocorticoid antagonists
What has a higher affinity than spironolactone
Epelerenone
What can spironolactone cause
Gynecomastia
NaC blockers act
Independently from aldosterone
What is a prime example of adenosine receptor antagonists
Caffeine
Spironolactone can block aldosterone effects in what organ
Heart
What is a pitfall of thiazides
Hyperuricemia; hyperglycemia (insulin inhibition); hyperlipidemia
What are some issues with loop diuretics
Hypomagnesemia, hearing loss, has sulfa moiety
What is a side effect of acetazolamide
Glucosuria
Lasix promotes excretion of what
Calcium
