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Med Surg 2 > Renal Calculi > Flashcards

Renal Calculi Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary calculi AKA

A

Kidney stones

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2
Q

Urinary calculi are caused by the development of

A

One or more crystals ranging in size from very small to large enough to fill the renal calyces

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3
Q

Lithiasis:

A

Stone formation

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4
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Stone formed in the kidney

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5
Q

Urolithiasis

A

Urinary tract stone formation

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6
Q

Stones cause excruciating _____ and extreme ____

A

Pain and irritation

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7
Q

Idiopathic:

A

Having no demonstrable cause

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8
Q

Greatest risk factor of stone formation

A

Prior personal or family history of urinary calculi

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9
Q

Other risk factors

A

Generic predisposition
Dehydration
Immobility
Excess dietary intake of Ca, oxalate, or proteins

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10
Q

What are some repeated infections that also contribute to calculus formation

A

Gout
Hyperparathyroidism
Urinary stasis

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11
Q

Most kidney calculi is composed of

A

Calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate

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12
Q

Utica acid stones develop when

A

Urine concentration of uric acid is high

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13
Q

Struvite calculi are associated with

A

UTI

Caused by bacteria such as Proteus

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14
Q

Prevention:

A

Adequate fluid intake

Dietary intake

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15
Q

Calcium stone are prevent by

A

Reducing sodium and animal protein intake
Gettin enough calcium from food
Avoiding foods high in oxalate (spinach, nuts, what bran)

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16
Q

Thiazides diuretics are used to prevent

A

Calcium stone

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17
Q

Allopurinol is used to prevent

A

Uric acid stones

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18
Q

Antibiotics may help prevent which stones

A

Struvite stones

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19
Q

Uric acid stones can be prevented by

A

Limiting animal protein intake

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20
Q

Renal colic

A

Acute, severe flank pain on the affected side

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21
Q

Gross hematuria is often only a sign of

A

Bladder stones

22
Q

Calcium phosphate and/or oxalate management

A

Diet
Increased hydration
Exercise

23
Q

Complications of urinary stones

A

Obstruction
Hydronephrosis
Infection

24
Q

Hydronephrosis:

A

Accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstructed outflow

25
Q

Diagnostic Tests

A 
UA
Chemical analysis of stone
Urine Ca, uric acid, and oxalate levels
Serum calcium, phosphorus, and uric acid levels
A KUB
Renal ultrasound 
CT scan of kidney
IVP
Cystoscopy
26
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Using sound or shock waves to crush stone, it is preferred treatment for urinary calculi

27
Q

Pyelolithotomy post op priority

A

Assess the pain level

28
Q

T/F

When you are older, you are not as likely to pass the stone sponateously

A

True

29
Q

Pharm therapy

A

Analgesic (narcotic)
Hydration
Diuretics depending on type

30
Q

Non pharm

A

Increased water intake of at least 2 L per day
Activity
Dietary changes

31
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID

Given as a suppository, may reduce the amount of narcotic analgesia required for acute renal colic

32
Q

Diagnosis

A 
Acute pain
Impaired urinary elimination
Deficient knowledge
Anxiety
Readiness for enhanced nutrition
Risk for infection
33
Q

Implement

A 
Manage pain
Monitor urinary output
Provide patient teaching
Promote Heath and wellness
Prepare for discharge
34
Q

Crystine

A

Substance that contributes to stone formation

35
Q

Ureteral stone
Assessment finding

Microscopic hematuria
Renal colic
Fever
Colicky pain

A

Renal colic

36
Q

Calcium phosphate kidney stone

Contributing factor

A

Consumption of goods high in calcium

37
Q

Goods high in purine contribute to the formation of

A

Uric acid stone

38
Q

T/F

Phosphate binds with calcium to decrease the blood level of calcium

A

True

39
Q

Manifestations of urinary calculi

Immobility
Dehydration
Excess dietary oxalate
Dietary K deficiency
Family hx
A

Dehydration
Immobility
Family hx
Excess dietary oxalate

40
Q

Gout

Prevent uric acid stones by teaching

A

Limit meat intake

This is high in purine

41
Q

History of kidney stones in prego client

Prevention via

A

Increase fluid intake 2500-3500 mL/ day

42
Q

Emptying the bladder completely prevents

A

Urinary staid

43
Q

Follow up care for child previously treated for urolithiasis

A

24- hour urine sample

Includes urine calcium and uric acid levels

44
Q

UA is an assessment for a

A

UTI

45
Q

Exercise promotes

A

Calcium to move back into the bones

46
Q

Renal colic treatment

Increasing fluid intake
Increasing dietary fat intake
Bed rest
Avoiding excess Ca containing goods
Admin ordered meds to prevent the formation of future stones
A

Increasing fluid
Avoid Ca
Admin ordered meds

47
Q

Suspected urinary calculi

UA
Chest X-Ray
Renal ultrasound
IVP
CT scan of Kidney
A

UA (for hematuria, WBCs, and crystal fragments)
Renal ultrasound
IVP (visualize the kidneys, bladder, and ureter)
CT scan (show calculi and obstruction)

48
Q

Acute hydronephrosis
Prescribed clinical therapy

IV therapy
Oral hydration
Thiazides diuretic
Calcium binding agents

A

IV therapy

Thiazides

49
Q

Cloudy urine could be an indication of an

A

Infection

50
Q

Ureteral stone manifestations

A

Acute severe flank pain
Cool, pale, and clammy skin

Assess vS

Med Surg 2 (22 decks)

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