Renal and Urology disorders

Question 1

Bacteriuria

Answer 1

> 100,000 colonies, means infection is present

Question 2

Urinary frequency

Answer 2

voiding more than every three hours

Question 3

oliguria

Answer 3

UOP < 400 mL in 24 hours, or 0.5mL/Kg/hr every 6 hours

Question 4

anuria

Answer 4

UOP < 50mL a day

Question 5

What are kidney pain characteristics?

Answer 5

Pain in costoverterbral angle and may extend to umbilicus, dull constant ache

Question 6

What are bladder pain characteristics

Answer 6

Suprapubic area, dull and continuous pain that is intense when voiding or when bladder is full

Question 7

What are uretral pain characteristics

Answer 7

flank, lower abdominal area, testis, labium, sharp stabbing pain

Question 8

What are urethral pain characteristics

Answer 8

pain along penis, along labium, most severe pain during and immediately after

Question 9

True or false: it is abnormal to be able to palpate the kidneys

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the average daily urinary output

Answer 10

1-2L a day

Question 11

what does a 24 hour urine collection consist of?

Answer 11

Picture of kidney’s ability to clear solutes from plasma, measure creatinine in urine, must be kept cold

Question 12

What do low urine specific gravity levels indicate?

Answer 12

DI, glomerulonephritis, hyperhydration, “more water in urine”

Question 13

What do high urine specific gravity levels indicate?

Answer 13

DM, nephritis, dehydration “less water in urine”

Question 14

what is the normal BUN range

Answer 14

8-20mg/dL

Question 15

What is the normal creatinine range?

Answer 15

Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Female: 0.4-1mg/ dL

Question 16

Stage one kidney disease

Answer 16

possible kidney damage with normal function, GFR of 90%+

Question 17

Stage 2 kidney disease

Answer 17

kidney damage with mild loss of function, GFR of 60-89%

Question 18

Stage 3a kidney disease

Answer 18

Mild moderate loss of kidney function, GFR 45-59%, dietary changes like low sodium, low protein, low potassium, low phosphorus,

Question 19

Stage 3b kidney disease

Answer 19

phoslo given as last resort, GFR 30-44

Question 20

what is Acute kidney injury:

Answer 20

rapid loss of function,
criteria: increase in creatinine plasma by > 50%

Question 21

What are the clinical presentations of AKI

Answer 21

increased BUN, increased Cr, Decreased GFR, metabolic acidosis, muscle twitching, seizure,

Question 22

What are the phases of AKI

Answer 22

initiation, oliguria (increased serum con. of ion), diuresis, recovery

Question 23

what are the nursing interventions for UTI

Answer 23

Administer abx, pain meds and antispasmodics (anticholinergics)
give heat therapy for pain
increase fluid intake to 3-4L

Question 24

Types of incontinence:

Answer 24

stress (induced by sneezing, laughing, exertion),
overflow (overdistended bladder due to muscle dysfunction or obstructed flow)
urge ( aware of need to void but cannot get to toilet)

Question 25

neurogenic bladder

Answer 25

bladder not responsive to nerve stimulation, bladder empties with no control

Question 26

Catheter care bundle

Answer 26

below bladder, not on floor, perineal care 2x day, secured to leg, no kinks in tubules, do not disconnect tubing for samples

Question 27

Most common kidney stone?

Answer 27

calcium

Question 28

what is struvite

Answer 28

more common in women, mixture of solutes in alkalotic urine, starts from bacteria exposure

Question 29

signs and symptoms of bladder cancer

Answer 29

UTI, painless hematuria, changes in voiding patter, back and pelvic pain

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer

Answer 30

blood in urine, semen , painful ejaculation, sexual dysfunction
post op includes continuous bladder irrigation flushes bladder and keeps constant movement