Renal and Urology disorders Flashcards
Bacteriuria
> 100,000 colonies, means infection is present
Urinary frequency
voiding more than every three hours
oliguria
UOP < 400 mL in 24 hours, or 0.5mL/Kg/hr every 6 hours
anuria
UOP < 50mL a day
What are kidney pain characteristics?
Pain in costoverterbral angle and may extend to umbilicus, dull constant ache
What are bladder pain characteristics
Suprapubic area, dull and continuous pain that is intense when voiding or when bladder is full
What are uretral pain characteristics
flank, lower abdominal area, testis, labium, sharp stabbing pain
What are urethral pain characteristics
pain along penis, along labium, most severe pain during and immediately after
True or false: it is abnormal to be able to palpate the kidneys
True
What is the average daily urinary output
1-2L a day
what does a 24 hour urine collection consist of?
Picture of kidney’s ability to clear solutes from plasma, measure creatinine in urine, must be kept cold
What do low urine specific gravity levels indicate?
DI, glomerulonephritis, hyperhydration, “more water in urine”
What do high urine specific gravity levels indicate?
DM, nephritis, dehydration “less water in urine”
what is the normal BUN range
8-20mg/dL
What is the normal creatinine range?
Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Female: 0.4-1mg/ dL
Stage one kidney disease
possible kidney damage with normal function, GFR of 90%+
Stage 2 kidney disease
kidney damage with mild loss of function, GFR of 60-89%
Stage 3a kidney disease
Mild moderate loss of kidney function, GFR 45-59%, dietary changes like low sodium, low protein, low potassium, low phosphorus,
Stage 3b kidney disease
phoslo given as last resort, GFR 30-44
what is Acute kidney injury:
rapid loss of function,
criteria: increase in creatinine plasma by > 50%
What are the clinical presentations of AKI
increased BUN, increased Cr, Decreased GFR, metabolic acidosis, muscle twitching, seizure,
What are the phases of AKI
initiation, oliguria (increased serum con. of ion), diuresis, recovery
what are the nursing interventions for UTI
Administer abx, pain meds and antispasmodics (anticholinergics)
give heat therapy for pain
increase fluid intake to 3-4L
Types of incontinence:
stress (induced by sneezing, laughing, exertion),
overflow (overdistended bladder due to muscle dysfunction or obstructed flow)
urge ( aware of need to void but cannot get to toilet)
neurogenic bladder
bladder not responsive to nerve stimulation, bladder empties with no control
Catheter care bundle
below bladder, not on floor, perineal care 2x day, secured to leg, no kinks in tubules, do not disconnect tubing for samples
Most common kidney stone?
calcium
what is struvite
more common in women, mixture of solutes in alkalotic urine, starts from bacteria exposure
signs and symptoms of bladder cancer
UTI, painless hematuria, changes in voiding patter, back and pelvic pain
Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer
blood in urine, semen , painful ejaculation, sexual dysfunction
post op includes continuous bladder irrigation flushes bladder and keeps constant movement
