Gastrointestinal disorders Flashcards
What breath test is used to diagnose short-bowel syndrome
Hydrogen Breath test
what breath test is used to diagnose H. pylori infection?
Urea breath test
What is a barium swallow?
radioplaque liquid contrast is swallowed and x rays are taken for up to 24 hours
What does a barium swallow diagnose?
Ulcers, varices, tumors, enteritis, malabsoprtive syndromes
Nursing considerations for barium enema
laxatives and clear liquid diet 24 hours before, increase fluid intake after procedure to clear barium, client will have increased BM
When are barium enemas contraindicated?
active inflammatory disease, fistulas, perforation or obstruction of colon, active GI bleeding
What does can a CT diagnose in the GI system?
Appendicitis, diverticulitis, UC, enteritis
Assess for iodine, shellfish allergy
What can a MRI diagnose in the GI system?
MRI shows blood vessels, abscesses, fistulas, neoplasms, and sources of bleeding
What does a PET scan show?
“hot spots” of body by detecting radioactive substances
Pre-procedure considerations for EGD
NPO 8 hours before, versed for sedation, atropine reduces secretions, glucagon relaxes smooth muscle, patient is in left lateral position and dentures are removed
Post-procedure considerations for EGD
NPO until gag reflex occurs, monitor for perforation ( elevated temp, bleeding, dyspagia)
When are colonoscopies contraindicated?
acute severe diverticulitis or acute colitis
What are the signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome?
occurs 15 min after eating, epigastric fullness, weakness, dizziness, diaphoresis, abd cramping. MEANS SLOW INFUSION RATE
Nursing interventions for administration of TPN?
never abruptly stop, monitor for air embolism (place patient on left side in trendelenburg to trap air, give o2, call provider)
what is the most common hiatal hernia?
Sliding hernia, is usually associated with GERD
what are the nursing interventions for hiatal hernia?
encourage frequent small feedings, sitting up for 1 hour after eating, give PPI and antacids
What is the procedure to correct a hiatal hernia?
Nissen Fundoplication
What is Barrett’s esophagus?
overgrowth of cells that leads to alteration of lining of esophageal mucosa; only precursor to development of esophageal cancer
what are the clinical manifestations of GERD?
pyrosis, regurgitation, dyspepsia, pain occurs 20min-2hr after eating and worsens when bending over. diagnosed with pH monitoring
what are the characteristics of a duodenal ulcer?
pain occurs 1.5-3hr after meal, awakening pain at night, well nourished, melena
what are the characteristics of a gastric ulcer?
pain occurs 30 min after a meal, pain worsens when ingesting food, malnourishment, hematemesis
what is acute abdomen (surgical abdomen)
life- threatening, involves peritonitis and appendicits
what are the clinical manifestations of peritonitis?
increased HR, increased BP, pain, decreased bowel sounds, board like abdomen, increased WBC, x ray shows distended loops and absesses
what is McBurney’s sign?
positive for appendicitis when pain is elicited by palpating RLQ point
What is Rovsing’s sign?
Positive for appendicits when palpating LLQ elicits pain in RLQ
what is the medication regimen for UC and crohn’s
Sulfasalazine (avoid sun, take folic acid, normal if urine is discolored)
Prednisone (take w food, taper off)
Methotrexate (immunosuppressant, takes 6 months to see effect)
