Gastrointestinal disorders

Question 1

What breath test is used to diagnose short-bowel syndrome

Answer 1

Hydrogen Breath test

Question 2

what breath test is used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer 2

Urea breath test

Question 3

What is a barium swallow?

Answer 3

radioplaque liquid contrast is swallowed and x rays are taken for up to 24 hours

Question 4

What does a barium swallow diagnose?

Answer 4

Ulcers, varices, tumors, enteritis, malabsoprtive syndromes

Question 5

Nursing considerations for barium enema

Answer 5

laxatives and clear liquid diet 24 hours before, increase fluid intake after procedure to clear barium, client will have increased BM

Question 6

When are barium enemas contraindicated?

Answer 6

active inflammatory disease, fistulas, perforation or obstruction of colon, active GI bleeding

Question 7

What does can a CT diagnose in the GI system?

Answer 7

Appendicitis, diverticulitis, UC, enteritis
Assess for iodine, shellfish allergy

Question 8

What can a MRI diagnose in the GI system?

Answer 8

MRI shows blood vessels, abscesses, fistulas, neoplasms, and sources of bleeding

Question 9

What does a PET scan show?

Answer 9

“hot spots” of body by detecting radioactive substances

Question 10

Pre-procedure considerations for EGD

Answer 10

NPO 8 hours before, versed for sedation, atropine reduces secretions, glucagon relaxes smooth muscle, patient is in left lateral position and dentures are removed

Question 11

Post-procedure considerations for EGD

Answer 11

NPO until gag reflex occurs, monitor for perforation ( elevated temp, bleeding, dyspagia)

Question 12

When are colonoscopies contraindicated?

Answer 12

acute severe diverticulitis or acute colitis

Question 13

What are the signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome?

Answer 13

occurs 15 min after eating, epigastric fullness, weakness, dizziness, diaphoresis, abd cramping. MEANS SLOW INFUSION RATE

Question 14

Nursing interventions for administration of TPN?

Answer 14

never abruptly stop, monitor for air embolism (place patient on left side in trendelenburg to trap air, give o2, call provider)

Question 15

what is the most common hiatal hernia?

Answer 15

Sliding hernia, is usually associated with GERD

Question 16

what are the nursing interventions for hiatal hernia?

Answer 16

encourage frequent small feedings, sitting up for 1 hour after eating, give PPI and antacids

Question 17

What is the procedure to correct a hiatal hernia?

Answer 17

Nissen Fundoplication

Question 18

What is Barrett’s esophagus?

Answer 18

overgrowth of cells that leads to alteration of lining of esophageal mucosa; only precursor to development of esophageal cancer

Question 19

what are the clinical manifestations of GERD?

Answer 19

pyrosis, regurgitation, dyspepsia, pain occurs 20min-2hr after eating and worsens when bending over. diagnosed with pH monitoring

Question 20

what are the characteristics of a duodenal ulcer?

Answer 20

pain occurs 1.5-3hr after meal, awakening pain at night, well nourished, melena

Question 21

what are the characteristics of a gastric ulcer?

Answer 21

pain occurs 30 min after a meal, pain worsens when ingesting food, malnourishment, hematemesis

Question 22

what is acute abdomen (surgical abdomen)

Answer 22

life- threatening, involves peritonitis and appendicits

Question 23

what are the clinical manifestations of peritonitis?

Answer 23

increased HR, increased BP, pain, decreased bowel sounds, board like abdomen, increased WBC, x ray shows distended loops and absesses

Question 24

what is McBurney’s sign?

Answer 24

positive for appendicitis when pain is elicited by palpating RLQ point

Question 25

What is Rovsing’s sign?

Answer 25

Positive for appendicits when palpating LLQ elicits pain in RLQ

Question 26

what is the medication regimen for UC and crohn’s

Answer 26

Sulfasalazine (avoid sun, take folic acid, normal if urine is discolored)
Prednisone (take w food, taper off)
Methotrexate (immunosuppressant, takes 6 months to see effect)