Renal and urology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the presentation of UTI in infants

A

In infants, symptoms are non specific:

  • Fever (this may be the only symptom)
  • Irritability
  • Poor feeding
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2
Q

Describe the initial investigation of suspected UTI

A

Urine dip and MCS

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3
Q

A child with a confirmed UTI may require further investigation…

What are the criteria for further investigation?

Give some examples of further investigation which may be required

A

Only children with atypical or recurrent UTIs require further investigation

Further investigation may include:

  • US scan
  • MCUG (micturating cystourethrogram)
  • DMSA scan
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4
Q

Describe the management of UTI in…

a) Infants < 3 months
b) Children with cystitis/lower UTI

A

a) Immediate referral to hospital for IV antibiotic therapy and septic screen
b) Short course of oral antibiotics, e.g. 3 days of trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin

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5
Q

Describe the classic triad of nephrotic syndrome

A
  • Heavy proteinuria
  • Low albumin
  • Oedema
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6
Q

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Minimal change disease

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7
Q

Describe the medical management of nephrotic syndrome

A

Prednisolone

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8
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A

Thrombosis in small blood vessels throughout the body (usually triggered by a bacterial toxin called the shiga toxin so typically occurs following episode of gastroenteritis)

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9
Q

Describe the classic triad of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Haemolytic anaemia
  • Thrombocytopenia (haematuria)
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10
Q

Describe the management of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A

Treatment is mainly supportive, e.g. fluids, blood transfusion/dialysis if required

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11
Q

What is Wilms’ tumour?

What are the 2 typical features of Wilms’ tumour?

A

Nephroblastoma

Features:

  • Painless abdominal mass (most common presentation)
  • Painless haematuria
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12
Q

Describe the management of Wilms’ tumour?

A
  • Nephrectomy

- Chemo/radiotherapy

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13
Q

In most cases undescended testes will descend by (…?) months

If they have not descended by (…?) months, referral to paediatric urology is indicated

A

3-6 months

6 months

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14
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

The urethral meatus is abnormally displaced to the ventral (underside) of the penis

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15
Q

Is it more common for hypospadias to be nearer to the glans penis or nearer to the scrotum?

A

Nearer to the glans penis

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