Renal and Urinary Elimination

Question 1

how much CO goes through kidneys?

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

3 steps of urine formation

Answer 2

glomular filtration, tubular reabsorbtion, tubular secretion

Question 3

minimum urine output

Answer 3

30mL an hour

Question 4

adult bladder capacity

Answer 4

600 mL bladder capacity

Question 5

adult urge to urinate

Answer 5

250mL

Question 6

children bladder capacty

Answer 6

50-60 mL

Question 7

why does pregnancy increase urination

Answer 7

increased GFR secondary to increased blood volume, and pressure of uterus on bladder

Question 8

why does urination increase in older adults

Answer 8

male: prostate enlargement, females menopause

Question 9

I and O

Answer 9

intake and output

Question 10

UA

Answer 10

urinalysis

Question 11

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Answer 11

normal-= 10-20 mg/dL
ureas: end-product of protein metabolism
refelcst the livers abilities to make urea as well as kidneys GFR
(measured in conjunction with creatinine)
Factors the influence: impaired liver function, hydration status, nephrotoxic drug

Question 12

Serum creatinine

Answer 12

normal: 0.5-1 mg/dL
creatinine: product of muscle metabolism, produced and released into plasma at constant rate and freely filtered in glomerulus
reflects a better estimate of renal function and GFR than BUN

Question 13

creatinine clearance (urine test)

Answer 13

• estimates GFR; amount of the blood the kidneys make creatinine free/minute
• may be used to determine dosages for drugs that effect the kidneys
• is a 24 hr test