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NCM 112 Lecture (Midterms) > Renal and Urinary Disorders > Flashcards

Renal and Urinary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually from bacterial infection originating in the urethra, vagina, or in more complicated cases, kidneys

A

Urinary Tract Infections

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2
Q

2 Kinds of UTI

A

Lower Urinary Tract Infection
Upper Urinary Tract Infection

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3
Q

Involves the urethra and bladder

A

Lower Urinary Tract Infection

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3
Q

Involves the ureters and kidneys

A

Upper Urinary Tract Infection

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4
Q

aka “Kidney stones”

result from the gradual buildup of crystallized salts and minerals in the urine

A

Urinary Calculi (urolithiasis)

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5
Q

Kidney stones can cause intense pain if they obstruct a passageway that carries urine

A

Urinary Calculi (urolithiasis)

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6
Q

Usually, the stones pass through and out of the urinary tract on their own

Males: 30-50yrs old are the most commonly affected

A

Urinary Calculi (urolithiasis)

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7
Q

Assessment

KUB, IVP, UTZ, cystoscopy, urinalysis
Pain, hematuria, fever, chills, frequency of urination, dysuria

A

Urinary Calculi (urolithiasis)

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8
Q

Types of Stones

A

Alkaline
Acidic

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9
Q

Types of Stones
Alkaline

A

Calcium oxalate
Calcium phosphate

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10
Q

Nursing Intervention
Oxalate stones

A

Avoid excess tea, chocolate, spinach

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10
Q

Type of Stones
Acidic

A

Uric Acid
Cysteine

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11
Q

Nursing Intervention
Calcium stones

A

Limit dairy products
Acid ash diet

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12
Q

Nursing Interventions
Acidic stones

A

Alkalinize urine

sodium bicarbonate tablets
alkaline ash diet

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13
Q

Nursing Interventions
Uric Acid stones

A

Avoid purine foods

Allopurinol (to decrease uric acid)

Encourage ambulation

Pain control (NSAID, demerol)

Surgery

ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Litotripsy)

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14
Q

Group of symptoms caused by the excretion of large amounts of protein in the urine due to kidney impairment

More common in children than adults

A

Nephrotic Syndrome or Nephrosis

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15
Q

Causes

Allergies, infections
Systemic diseases
Circulation problems
Pregnancy
Heroin use

A

Nephrotic Syndrome or Nephrosis

16
Q

Assessment

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

waxy pallor to the skin, anemia, anorexia, malaise

irritability, amenorrhea or abnormal menses, hypertension

A

Nephrotic Syndrome or Nephrosis

17
Q

Inflammation of the glomeruli

A

Glomerulonephritis

18
Q

It is generally caused by a bacterial infection elsewhere in the body, mostly in the throat or skin

In children, it is mostly associated with an upper respiratory infection, tonsillitis, or scarlet fever

A

Glomerulonephritis

19
Q

Causes

Immunological disease

Streptococcal infection Group A beta-hemolytic

History of pharyngitis or tonsillitis 2-3 weeks prior to symptoms

Autoimmune disease (SLE)

A

Glomerulonephritis

19
Q

Types of Glomerulonephritis

A
  1. Acute Glomerulonephritis
  2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
20
Q

Occurs 2-3 weeks after a streptococcal infection

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

21
Q

Can occur after the acute phase or slowly over time

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

22
Q

Complications of Glomerulonephritis

A

Heart failure
HPN encephalopathy
Pulmonary edema
Renal failure

23
Q

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the parenchyma, commonly caused by bacterial invasion

A

Pyelonephritis

24
Q

Types of Pyelonephritis

A
  1. Acute Pyelonephritis
  2. Chronic Pyelonephritis
25
Q

Usually a short course that recurs as a relapse of a previous infection or as a new infection

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

26
Q

Assessment

Fever and chills, nausea, flank pain on the affected side

Costovertebral angle tenderness, headache, muscular pain, dysuria

Frequency and urgency, cloudy, bloody, and foul smelling urine, increased WBC in the urine

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

27
Q

A slow progressive disease that is usually associated with recurrent acute attacks

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

28
Q

Causes contraction of the kidneys and dysfunction of the nephrons which are replaced to scar issue

Can lead to renal failure

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

29
Q

Clinical Manifestation

Patient usually has no symptoms of infection unless an acute exacerbation occurs

Fatigue, headache, poor appetite may occur

Polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss

Persistent and recurring infection may produce progressive scarring resulting in renal failure

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

30
Q

Excessive urination

A

Polyuria

31
Q

Excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

32
Q

Low urine output

A

Oliguria

33
Q

Blood in urine

A

Hematuria

34
Q

Elevated protein in the urine

A

Proteinuria

35
Q

Painful/difficult urination

A

Dysuria

36
Q

Assessment

Poor urine-concentrating ability, pyuria, anemia, azotemia, acidosis, proteinuria

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

37
Q

High levels of WBC or puss in the urine

A

Pyuria

NCM 112 Lecture (Midterms) (7 decks)

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