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Pharmacology > Renal and Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Renal and Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure =

A

cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance

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2
Q

What medications treat hypertension?

A
  1. adrenergic drugs
  2. ACE inhibitors
  3. ARBS
  4. calcium channel blockers
  5. diuretics
  6. vasodilators
  7. direct renin inhibitors
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3
Q

What is a direct renin inhibitor?

A

tekturna

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4
Q

What are 4 adrenergic drugs?

A
  1. adrenergic blocks
  2. alpha 2 agonists
  3. alpha 1 blockers
  4. beta blockers
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5
Q

What are 3 indications of ACE inhibitors?

A
  1. hypertension
  2. heart failure
  3. MI
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6
Q

What is ACE inhibitors drug ending

A

-pril

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7
Q

What is 1 contraindication of ACE inhibitors?

A

hyperkalemia

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8
Q

What is angioedema?

A

extreme facial swelling

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9
Q

What are 2 side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A
  1. angioedema
  2. renal failure
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10
Q

What are 3 interactions of ACE inhibitors?

A
  1. NSAIDS
  2. Potassium
  3. Lithium
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11
Q

What is 1 nursing implication for ACE inhibitors?

A

dc slowly

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12
Q

What does ARBs stand for

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

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13
Q

What are 2 indications of ARBs

A

hypertension
heart failure

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14
Q

What is ARBs drug ending?

A

-artan

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15
Q

What are 3 side effects of ARBs

A
  1. hypoglycemia
  2. diarrhea
  3. anemia
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16
Q

What are 4 interactions of ARBs

A
  1. potassium
  2. NSAIDS
  3. lithium
  4. decongestants
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17
Q

What is 1 nursing implication for ARBs

A

dc slowly

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18
Q

What are 2 vasodilators?

A

hydralazine
nitropress

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19
Q

What are side effects of vasodilators?

A
  1. rash
  2. dyspnea
  3. n/v
  4. diarrhea
  5. thrombocytopenia
  6. cyanide toxicity
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20
Q

How do antianginal drugs work?

A

increase oxygen supply and decrease oxygen demand

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitrates and nitrites

A

relax smooth muscle cells in blood vessels

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22
Q

What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?

A

stable goes away with rest

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23
Q

What are 3 nitrates and nitrites?

A
  1. isodril (isosorbide)
  2. imdur (isosorbide)
  3. nitroglycerin
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24
Q

What are 2 side effects of nitrates and nitrites?

A

postural hypotension
tachycardia

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25
What are 3 interactions of nitrates and nitrites?
1. erectile dysfunction drugs 2. beta blockers 3. calcium channel blockers
26
What are 2 nursing implications of nitrates and nitrites?
1. tolerance can occur 2. sit when taking
27
Mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers?
1. prevents muscle contraction and promotes relaxation 2. decrease electrical conduction 3. decrease HR
28
What are 5 calcium channel blockers?
1. norvasc 2. cardizem 3. cardene 4. procardia 5. isoptin
29
What are 6 side effects of calcium channel blockers?
1. constipation 2. nausea 3. dyspnea 4. rash 5. flushing 6. peripheral edema
30
What are 6 interactions of calcium channel blockers?
1. beta blockers 2. digoxin 3. amiodarone 4. statins 5. cyclosporine's 6. anifungals
31
What is 1 nursing implication for calcium channel blockers?
dc slowly
32
What 7 drugs treat HF
1. phosphodiesterase inhibitors 2. cardiac glycosides 3. ACE inhibitors 4. ARBS 5. beta blockers 6. dobutamine 7. diuretics
33
What is the mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
cause a positive iontropic response and vasodilation
34
What is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor?
primacor
35
What are 2 contraindications for phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
1. severe heart valve disease 2. HF resulting from diastolic dysfunction
36
What are 3 side effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
1. hypokalemia 2. tremor 3. thrombocytopenia
37
What are 3 interactions of phosphodiesterase inhibitors
1. diuretics 2. digoxin 3. furosemide
38
Mechanism of action for cardiac glycosides
1. inhibits Na/K pump = increase cardiac contractility 2. decreased HR 3. increased diastolic filling
39
What are 2 indications of cardiac glycosides?
systolic HF atrial fibrillation
40
What drug is a cardiac glycoside?
digoxin
41
What is the antidote for cardiac glycosides?
Digifab
42
What are 2 contraindications for cardiac glycosides?
ventricular fibrillation diastolic HF
43
What are 4 side effects of cardiac glycosides?
1. anorexia 2. n/v 3. diarrhea 4. vision changes
44
What 3 drugs can cause digoxin toxicity
1. amiodarone 2. quinidine 3. verapamil
45
What is 1 interaction of cardiac glycosides?
medications that lower K+
46
What is the therapeutic index of digoxin?
0.5-2 ng/ml
47
Mechanism of action of class I antidysrhythmic drugs
stabilize cell membrane by depressing action of fast sodium channels
48
What are 2 indications for class I antidysrhythmic drugs?
atrial fibrilation ventricular dysrhythmias
49
What 5 drugs are class I antidysrhythmic
1. quinidex 2. pronestyl 3. lidocaine 4. tambocor 5. rythmol
50
What is 1 contraindication of class I antidysrhythmic drugs
sick sinus syndrome
51
What are 2 side effects of class I antidysrhythmic drugs?
1. blurred vison 2. prolonged QT interval
52
What is 1 interaction of class I antidysrhythmic drugs
warfarin
53
What is 1 nursing implication for antidysrhythmic drugs
take with food
54
Mechanism of action of class III antidysrhythmic drugs
increase action potential duration by prolonging repolarization
55
What are 2 indications for class III antidysrhythmic drugs
1. life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation 2. atrial fibrillation
56
What are 3 class III antidysrhythmic drugs
1. amiodarone 2. dronedarone 3. betapace
57
What is 1 contraindication of class III antidysrhythmic drugs
sick sinus syndrome
58
What are 3 side effects of class III antidysrhythmic drugs
1. liver, pulmonary, and thyroid toxicity 2. blurred vision 3. prolonged QT interval
59
What are 2 interactions of class III antidysrhythmic drugs
1. warfarin 2. digoxin
60
Mechanism of action of adenocard
slows electrical conduction time through the AV node
61
Indication for adenocard
supraventicular tachycardia
62
What are 2 contraindications of adenocard
1. sick sinus syndrome 2. atrial flutter/fib and v-tach
63
What are 2 side effects of adenocard?
1. chest pain 2. dysrhythmias
64
What is 1 nursing implication for adenocard?
administered fast IV push
65
Mechanism of action for anticoagulants
prevent new clots from forming prevents clots from dislodging no effect on existing clots
66
What is the antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
67
What is the antidote for warfarin
vitamin k
68
What 5 anticoagulants don't have an antidote
1. pradaxa 2. arixtra 3. xarelto 4. eliquis 5. angiomax
69
What does HIT stand for
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
70
What 4 herbs interact with anticoagulants
1. St. John's wort 2. ginger 3. garlic 4. ginkgo
71
What are 4 interactions of anticoagulants
1. amiodarone 2. erythromycin 3. verapamil 4. Aspirin 5. NSAIDS
72
What foods are high in vitamin K
dark green, leafy vegetables
73
Where is heparin administer SQ
abdomen
74
Where is lovenox administer SQ
love handles
75
Mechanism of action of antiplatelet drugs
inhibit platelet aggregation
76
What are 8 antiplatelet drugs
1. aspirin 2. plavix 3. effient 4. pletal 5. brilinta 6. integrilin 7. aggrastat 8. reoPro
77
What is 1 interaction of antiplatelet drugs
NSAIDS
78
What is a nursing implication for aspirin?
take with food and water
79
Mechanism of action of thrombolytic drugs
activates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
80
What is thrombolytic drug ending
-ase
81
What are 2 side effects of thrombolytic drugs?
1. hypotension 2. cardiac dysrhythmias
82
Antifibrinolytic drugs are also called
hemostatic
83
Mechanism of action of hemostatic drugs
prevent lysis of fibrin which promotes clot formation
84
What are 3 hemostatic drugs
1. aminocaproic acid 2. desmopressin 3. tranexamic acid
85
What is 1 contraindication of hemostatic drugs
disseminated intravascular coagulation
86
What is 1 interaction of hemostatic drugs
oral contraceptives
87
Which lipoprotein is considered bad?
LDL
88
What are antilipemic drugs
1. HMGs or statins 2. bile acid sequestrates 3. Niacin (vitamin B3) 4. fibrates 5. zetia 6. omega-3 fatty acids 7. Praulent, Repatha
89
What is another name for the statins?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
90
Mechanism of action of statins
decreases cholestrol production and lowers LDL levels
91
What pregnancy class do statins belong to
category X
92
What is rhabdomyolysis
breakdown of muscle cells and is excreted in urine (renal failure)
93
What are 5 side effects of statins?
1. blurred vision 2. abdominal pain 3. skin rash 4. muscle pain 5. rhabdomyolysis
94
What are 4 interactions of statins
1. warfarin 2. antifungals 3. verapamil 4. amiodarone
95
How long does it take statins to lower lipid levels?
6-8 weeks
96
When taking statins what might you need to supplement
fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
97
When should statins be taken
evening
98
Mechanism of action of bile acid sequestrants
binds bile and prevents reabsorption = reduces level of LDL
99
What are 3 bile acid sequestrants
1. questran 2. colestid 3. welchol
100
What are 4 side effects of bile acid sequestrants
1. constipation 2. nausea 3. belching 4. bloating
101
How do bile acid sequestrants effect other drugs
decrease absorption
102
Which what drugs should you increase dietary fiber and fluid intake
bile acid sequestrants
103
What is 1 nursing implication for bile acid sequestrants
take all other drugs 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after
104
What is the mechanism of action of niacin
increases activity of lipase increases histamine release
105
What are 3 contraindications of niacin
1. peptic ulcer 2. active bleeding 3. gout
106
What are 3 side effects of niacin
1. flushing 2. pruritus 3. GI distress
107
What is 1 interaction of niacin
statins
108
What are 3 nursing implication for niacin
take with aspirin start low initial dose take with meals
109
What is another name for fibric acid derivatives
fibrates
110
Mechanism of action of fibrates
activate lipase inhibits synthesis of triglycerides increases secretion of cholestrol into bile
111
What are 2 fibrates
1. lopid 2. tricor
112
What are 3 side effects of fibrates?
1. abdominal discomfort 2. increased risk for gallstones 3. prolonged prothrombin time
113
What are 2 interaction of fibrates
1. oral anticoagulants 2. statins
114
Mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
prevents exchange of H+ ions with Na+ and H20 excretes bicarbonate and potassium
115
What are 2 indications of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
1. glaucoma 2. edema secondary to HF
116
What is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
diamox or acetazolamide
117
What are 6 side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
1. hyperglycemia 2. metabolic acidosis 3. anorexia 4. hematuria 5. urticaria 6. photosensitivity
118
What are 7 interactions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
1. digoxin 2. corticosteriods 3. amphentamines 4. carbamazepine 5. cyclosporine 6. phenytoin 7. quinidine
119
Mechanism of action of loop diuretics
inhibit chloride and sodium reabsorption activate renal prostaglandins (vasodilation) excrete potassium
120
What are 2 indications of loop diuretics?
1. edema associated with HF or renal 2. hypertension
121
What are 3 loop diuretics
1. bumex 2. lasix 3. demadex
122
What is a contraindication for loop diuretics
allergy to sulfa
123
What are 5 side effects of loop diuretics
1. photosensitivity 2. blood disorders 3. stevens-johnson syndrome 4. ototoxicity 5. neurotoxcicity 6. nephrotoxicity
124
What are 6 interactions of loop diuretics?
1. vancomycin 2. lithium 3. NSAIDs 4. antidiabetic drugs 5. corticosteriods 6. digoxin
125
What is 1 nursing implication for loop diuretics
supplement K+
126
Mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics
inhibits reabsorption of water and solutes = rapid diuresis doesn't excrete Na+
127
What are 2 indications of osmotic diuretics
1. acute renal failure 2. reduce cerebral edema
128
What is an osmotic diuretic
mannitol or osmitrol
129
What are 2 contraindications of osmotic diuretics
1. pulmonary edema 2. severe renal disease
130
What are 3 side effects of osmotic diuretics
1. convulsions 2. thrombophlebitis 3. pulmonary congestion
131
What drug may crystalize when exposed to low temps
osmotic diuretics
132
What drug should be administered IV through a filter
osmotic diuretics
133
What is another name for potassium-sparing diuretics
aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics
134
Mechanism of action of potassium-sparing diuretics
bind to aldosterone receptors and block reabsorption of sodium and water
135
What are 2 indications of potassium-sparing diuretics
1. hypertension 2. HF
136
What are 3 potassium-sparing diuretics
1. midamor 2. aldactone 3. dyrenium
137
What is 1 contraindication of potassium-sparing diuretics
hyperkalemia
138
What are 3 interactions of potassium-sparing diuretics
1. lithium 2. ACE inhibitors 3. NSAIDs
139
Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics
inhibit reabsorption of Na, K, Cl in distal convoluted tubule vasodilation
140
What are 3 indications of thiazide diuretics
1. edema 2. heart failure 3. hypertension
141
What are 3 thiazide diuretics
1. diuril 2. HCTZ 3. metolazone or zaroxolyn
142
What is 1 contraindication of thiazide diuretics
sulfa allergy
143
What are 5 side effects of thiazide diuretics
1. hypercalcemia 2. elevates lipids, glucose, uric acid 3. GI disturbances 4. skin rashes 5. thrombocytopenia
144
What are 5 interactions of thiazide diuretics
1. corticosteroids 2. digoxin 3. oral hypoglycemia 4. lithium 5. NSAIDs
145
Mechanism of action of crystalloids
1. don't contain proteins 2. better for treating dehydration
146
What are 3 crystalloids
1. NaCl or NS 2. LR 3. D5W
147
Mechanism of action of colloids
move fluids from interstitial sites to vessels
148
What is the indication for colloids
conditions requiring plasma volume expansion
149
What are 2 colloids
albumin dextran
150
What is 1 nursing implication of colloids
administer slowly
151
What are 4 antidotes for potassium
kayexalate = induces diarrhea dextrose insulin calcium gluconate
152
What electrolyte should be taken with food
potassium
153
At what rate can potassium be given IV
10-20mEq/hr
154
What is 1 interaction of sodium
synercid

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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