Pharm Final Flashcards
1
Q
What are 2 contradictions of antacids?
A
severe renal failure
GI obstruction
2
Q
What are 2 examples of H2 receptor antagonists?
A
cimetidine (tagamet)
famotidine (pepcid)
3
Q
What are 2 contraindications of H2 receptor antagonists?
A
liver and kidney dysfunction
4
Q
What is the drug ending for PPIs?
A
-prazole
5
Q
What group of meds are antidiarrheals? (4)
A
adsorbents
anticholinergic drugs & opiates
probiotics
6
Q
What drugs are adsorbents? (3)
A
bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
activated charcoal
cholestyramine
7
Q
What drugs are anticholinergics? (3)
A
belladonna alkaloids
diphenoxylate + atropine (lomotil)
loperamide (imodium)
8
Q
What are examples of probiotics
A
lactobacillus
9
Q
What are 2 contraindications for antidiarrheals?
A
intestinal obstruction
colitis
10
Q
What is a contraindication for bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?
A
children with Reye’s syndrome
11
Q
What are 4 S/E of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?
A
increased bleeding time
dark stools
blue gums
confusion
12
Q
What meds are laxatives? (5)
A
bulk forming
emollient
hyper-osmotic
saline
stimulant
13
Q
What meds are bulk forming laxatives? (2)
A
psyllium (Metamucil)
methylcellulose (citrucel)
14
Q
What meds are emollient laxatives? (2)
A
docusate sodium (colace)
mineral oil
15
Q
What meds are hyperosmotic laxatives? (2)
A
plyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY, Miralax)
lactulose
16
Q
What meds are saline laxatives? (3)
A
magnesium citrate
magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
fleets enema
17
Q
What meds are stimulant laxatives? (2)
A
senna (senokot)
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
18
Q
What is contraindicated with laxatives?
A
intestinal obstructions
19
Q
What meds are for IBS associated diarrhea? (3)
A
alosetron (Lotronex)
Rifazimin (Xifaxan)
Eluxadoline (Viberzi)
20
Q
What meds are for IBS associated constipation? (2)
A
lubiprostone (amitiza)
linacotide (linzess)
21
Q
What anticholinergic reduce nausea?
A
scopolamine-transdermal
22
Q
What antihistamines reduce nausea? (4)
A
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
meclizine (Antivert)
hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
23
Q
What antidopaminergics reduce nausea? (2)
A
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
promethazine (Phenergan)
24
Q
What prokinetics reduce nausea?
A
metoclopramide (reglan)
25
What serotinin blockers reduce nausea?
ondansetron (Zofran)
26
What are anticholinergic S/E? (6)
dizziness
drowsiness
hypotension
tachycardia
headache
diarrhea
27
What is a S/E of Reglan?
long-term use may cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia
28
What is a S/E of serotonin blockers?
prolonged QT interval
29
What are 2 indications of vitamin A?
dietary supplements: infants, pregnant, and nursing women
skin conditions
30
What are indications of vitamin D? (7)
rickets
tetany
osteomalacia
prevention of osteoporosis
treatment of hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemia
31
What are 2 indications of Vitamin E?
antioxidant
premature infants that have deficiency
32
What are 2 indications for vitamin K?
prophylactically to newborns
reverse effects of warfarin
33
What is the indication for vitamin B1? (6)
treatment of thiamine deficiency
encephalopathy
peripheral neuritis
malabsorption
chronic diarrhea
alcoholism
34
What is the indication for vitamin B2? (8)
treatment of riboflavin deficiency
alcoholism
malabsorption
liver disease
cutaneous, oral, and corneal changes (keratitis)
acne
migraines
microcytic anemia
35
What are the indications for vitamin B3? (2)
prevention and treatment of pellagra
hyperlipidemia drug
36
What are the indications for vitamin B6? (3)
seizures
morning sickness during pregnancy
metabolic disorders
37
What are the indications for vitamin B12? (4)
pernicious anemia
neurologic damage
malabsorption
poor dietary intake (vegetarians)
38
What are the indications for vitamin C? (2)
prevention and treatment of scurvy
urinary acidifer
39
What are some oral administration considerations of iron? (3)
may stain teeth
take between meals
remain upright for 30min
40
What are S/E of iron? (6)
n/v
diarrhea
constipation
stomach cramps and pain
black, tarry stools
orthostatic hypotension
41
What are some injectable administration considerations of iron? (3)
cause pain upon injection
test dose
infuse slowly
42
What 2 drugs combat iron toxicity?
deferiprone
deferoxamine
43
What are some administration guidelines for parenteral nutrition?
monitor blood glucose levels
If TPN is discontinued abruptly, administer 10% dextrose in water
infuse through filter
44
What are indications for Beta-Adrenergic Agonists? (3)
asthma
bronchitis
COPD
45
What are 2 contraindications of beta-adrenergic agonists?
uncontrolled hypertension
cardiac dysrhythmias
46
What type of beta-adrenergic agonist drug is taken every day to prevent exacerbation?
LABA
47
What type of beta-adrenergic agonist drug is taken during an acute asthma attack?
SABA
48
How do you use an inhaler?
wait 1-2 minutes before second inhalation
49
What meds are SABA beta-adrenergic agonists? (4)
albuterol (ventolin, proventil, ProAir)
levalbuterol (Xopenex)
terbutaline (Brethine)
metaproterenol (Alupent)
50
What meds are LABA beta-adrenergic agonists? (3)
arformoterol (Brovana)
formoterol (Foradil)
salmeterol (Serevent)
51
What is the indication for anticholinergics (long-acting muscarinic antagonists)?
prevention of bronchospasm in COPD
52
What are 2 contraindications for anticholinergics (long-acting muscarinic antagonists)?
glaucoma, prostate enlargement
53
What meds are anticholinergics (long-acting muscarinic antagonists)? (4)
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Revefenacin (Yupelri)
Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta)
54
What are indications for Xanthine derivatives? (2)
asthma
COPD
55
What meds are Xanthine derivatives? (2)
theophylline
aminophylline
56
What are 4 contraindications of Xanthine derivatives?
uncontrolled dysrhythmias
seizures
hyperthyroidism
PUD
57
What is a nursing implication with IV administration of Xanthine derivatives?
too rapid infusion can cause syncope, tachycardia, seizures, and cardiac arrest
58
What are the indications for leukotriene receptor antagonists? (2)
long-term prevention of asthma
allergic rhinitis
59
What meds are leukotriene receptor antagonists? (3)
montelukast (singulair)
zafirlukast (accolate)
zileuton (zyflo)
60
What are contraindications for leukotriene receptor antagonists?
allergies to povidone, lactose, or cellulose
61
What are 2 nursing implications for leukotriene receptor antagonists?
improvement in about 1 week
take in evening
62
What is the indication for corticosteroids?
bronchospastic disorders
63
What meds are corticosteriods? (5)
beclomethasone dipropionate (beclovent)
budesonide (Pulmicort)
FLuticasone (FLovent)
Mometasone (Asmanex)
Triamcinolon acetonide (Azmacort)
64
What is a contraindication for corticosteriods?
systemic fungal infections
65
What are 3 nursing implications for corticosteriods?
can be used for acute indications
rinse mouth after use
take at same time every day
66
What should be taken first bronchodilators or corticosteriods?
bronchodilators
67
What is a nursing implication for expectorants?
increase fluid intake
68
What decongestant can be used to make meth?
sudafed
69
What are 3 nursing implications for decongestants?
rebound congestion (use for no more than 3 days)
increase fluid intake
avoid caffeine
70
What are S/E of decongestants? (5)
nervousness
insomnia
palpitations
tremor
nasal dryness
71
What are S/E of beta-adrenergic agonists (bronchodilators)? (5)
insomnia
anorexia
tachycardia
tremor
headache
72
What are the contraindications for topical antibacterial drugs?
if you have an allergy to sulfa drugs, you shouldn't take silvadene
73
What is a S/E of isotretinoin?
suicidal thoughts
74
What is a nursing implication for isotretinoin?
requires 2 contraception methods
75
What are nursing implications for administering eye drops?
apply pressure to inner canthus after admin
administer other eye drops at least 5 minutes apart
apply ointments in conjunctival sac
76
What are nursing implications for administering ear drops?
lie on the opposite side of that of you affected ear for about 5 minutes
if given cold: could cause vestibular-type reaction (vomiting, dizziness)
77
What meds treat middle and outer ear infections?
antibacterial drugs often with a steroid
78
What meds treat otitis externa infections?
antifungal drugs
79
What is the first pass effect?
pass through GI tract; less medication available
80
What are S/E of opioids? (6)
constipation
N/V
pruritus
flushing
orthostatic hypotension
CNS depression
81
What is a S/E of indirect-acting dopaminergic drugs?
headache
82
What are S/E of non-dopamine dopamine receptor agonists? (4)
edema
insomnia
syncope
GI upset
83
What are the S/E of dopamine replacement drugs? (2)
cardiac dysrhythmias
urinary retention
84
What is a nursing implication for TCA antidepressants?
an overdose is lethal
85
What is a nursing implication for SSRI antidepressants?
slowly tapered when Dc/d
86
What 2 receptors are cholinergic?
nicotinic
muscarinic
87
Where are beta 1 receptors?
heart
88
Where are beta 2 receptors?
lungs
89
What are contraindications for cholinergic drugs? (6)
GI or GU tract obstruction
hyperthyroidism
epilepsy
hypotension
bradycardia
COPD
90
What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?
inhibits conversion to angiotensin 2
decreases preload (blood coming back to heart)
91
What are S/E of ACE inhibitors? (7)
angioedema
renal failure
dry NPC
fatigue
dizziness
headaches
impotence
92
What lab level should be heavily monitored with ACE inhibitors and ARBs?
potassium
93
What is the MOA of ARBS?
blocks vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone at receptor site
94
What are S/E of ARBs? (6)
chest pain
fatigue
hypoglycemia
diarrhea
anemia
impotence
95
What are S/E of vasodilators? (2)
thrombocytopenia
cyanide toxicity
96
What is the MOA of nitrates & nitrites?
relax smooth muscles cells in vessels
97
What are S/E of nitrates & nitrites? (3)
headache
postural hypotension
tachycardia
98
What are nursing implications for nitrates & nitrites? (2)
tolerance can occur
sit when taking
99
What is pt ed with nitro?
can take another nitro after 5 min (only 3 doses)
100
What is the MOA of calcium channel blocker?
prevents muscle contraction and promotes vasodilation
depresses electrical conduction in heart
101
What are S/E of calcium channel blockers? (8)
hypotension
palpitations
constipation
nausea
dyspnea
rash
flushing
peripheral edema
102
What are S/E of cardiac glycosides? (9)
bradycardia
hypotension
headache
fatigue
confusion
anorexia
n/v
diarrhea
vison changes
103
What are some nursing implications for cardiac glycosides?
monitor digoxin levels
104
What are signs of digoxin toxicity? (4)
bradycardia
N/V
anorexia
blurred vision
105
What medications increase the effects of digoxin? (3)
amiodarone
quinidine
verapamil
106
What are S/E of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics? (8)
hyperglycemia
hypokalemia
metabolic acidosis
drowsiness
anorexia
hematuria
urticaria
photosensitivity
107
What meds increase the effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics? (7)
digoxin
corticosteroids
amphetamines
carbamazepine
cyclosporine
phenytoin
quinidine
108
What are S/E of loop diuretics? (12)
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypochloremia
hypocalcemia
hypotension
dizziness
photosensitivity
blood disorders
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
ototoxicity
neurotoxicity
nephrotoxicity
109
What med increase the effects of loop diuretics? (3)
vancomycin
lithium
NSAIDS
110
What meds decrease the effects of loop diuretics?
anti-diabetic drugs
111
What meds along with loop diuretics lower potassium? (2)
corticosteroids
digoxin
112
What are S/E of osmotic diuretics? (3)
convulsions
thrombophlebitis
pulmonary congestion
113
What are some nursing implications for osmotic diuretics? (2)
may crystalize when exposed to low temps
administered IV through a filter
114
What are the S/E of potassium-sparing diuretics? (8)
dizziness
headaches
hypotension
cramps
N/V
diarrhea
urinary frequency
hyperkalemia
115
What diuretics adds to lithium's toxicity?
potassium-sparing diuretics
thiazide diuretics
116
What med decreases the effects of potassium-sparing diuretics?
NSAIDS
117
What are the S/E of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics? (10)
hypokalemia
hypercalcemia
elevated lipids, glucose, uric acid
GI upset
skin rash
thrombocytopenia
dizziness
hypotension
headache
impotence
118
What drug when taken along with thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia?
corticosteriods
119
What meds decrease the effects of thiazide diuretics? (2)
oral hypoglycemia
NSAIDS
120
What is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulfate
121
What is the antidote for warfarin?
vitamin K
122
What lab values do you monitor with heparin?
aPTT, anti-factor Xa, platelets
123
What lab values do you monitor with warfarin?
PT/INR
124
What should you educate your patient on that is taking thyroid replacement drugs?
give at same time every day in the morning
take on an empty stomach
therapy is life long
takes several weeks for effects
125
Which insulins are rapid acting?
humalog
novolog
126
What insulin is short acting?
regular insulin
127
What insulin is intermediate acting?
NPH
128
What insulin is long acting?
lantus
levemir
129
What can NPH be combined with?
regular or rapid-acting insulin
130
How do you mix NPH with rapid acting?
draw up clear before cloudy
131
What is the onset of rapid-acting insulin?
15 min
132
What is the onset of short-acting insulin?
30-60min
133
What is the onset of intermediate-acting insulin?
1-2 hours
134
What is the onset of long-acting insulin?
1-2 hours
135
When is the peak of rapid-acting insulin?
1-2 hours
136
When is the peak of short-acting insulin?
2.5 hours
137
What is the peak of intermediate-acting insulin?
4-8 hours
138
What is the peak of long-acting insulin?
none (basal)
139
What is the duration of rapid-acting insulin?
3-5 hours
140
What is the duration of short-acting insulin?
6-10 hours
141
What is the duration of intermediate-acting insulin?
10-18 hours
142
What is the duration of long-acting insulin?
24 hours
143
What are the S/E of tetracycline antibiotics? (6)
teeth discoloration
photosensitivity
yeast
diarrhea
coagulation irregularities
rash
144
What are some nursing implications for tetracycline antibiotics?
avoid milk products and iron
145
What are indications for NSAIDS? (3)
antipyretic
analgesic (mild to moderate pain)
anti-inflammatory
146
What are S/E of NSAIDS? (4)
GI intolerance
bleeding
cardiovascular disease
renal failure: inhibition of prostaglandins
147
What are some nursing implications for NSAIDS?
stop taking at least one week prior to surgery
monitor for hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
148
What are common S/E of dopamine drugs? (4)
1. hypotension
2. dizziness
3. GI upset
4. dark, discolored urine
