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Renal > Renal Anatomy/Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy/Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What limits the ascent of a horseshoe kidney?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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2
Q

What space do the kidney’s occupy?

A

Retroperitoneal

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3
Q

At what level do the kidney’s lie?

A

Left kidney - T12-L2

Right kidney - L1-L3 (lower down do to liver)

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4
Q

Layers of fascia surrounding kidney

A

Kidney capsule –> perirenal fat –> renal fascia –> pararenal fat

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5
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the kidneys?

A

5 renal arteries –> interlobar artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular arteries

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6
Q

How does the Left Renal Vein differ from the Right Renal Vein?

A

Left Renal Vein is longer, and receives left gonadal and left suprarenal veins

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7
Q

What is the positioning of vessels at the kidney hilum?

A

Vein anterior to artery anterior to ureter

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8
Q

Where are the lymphatic plexuses of the kidney located?

A

In the kidney, under the fibrous capsule, and in perirenal fat

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9
Q

What supplies the parasympathetic tone to the kidney?

A

Vagus nerve, CN X, vasodilation

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10
Q

What are the three areas of constriction of the ureters?

A
  1. Ureteropelvic junction
  2. Iliac vessels
  3. Ureterovesical junction
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11
Q

Characteristics of an epithelial cell

A

Polarized
Stable Adhesions
Arranged in layers

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12
Q

Characteristics of a mesenchymal cell

A

Undifferentiated, Unpolarized
Transient adhesions
Mobile

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13
Q

What is the function of the urinary system prenatally?

A

Maintaining amniotic fluid

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14
Q

What is oligohydramnios?

A

Lack of amniotic fluid

(Can impair growth and cause lung problems

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15
Q

Which germ layer later becomes the kidneys and ureter?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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16
Q

What are the three nephric structures that from from the intermediate mesoderm (in order)?

A

Pronephros –> Mesonephros –> Metanephros

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17
Q

What is an aberrant location for an un-ascended kidney?

A

Pelvic kidney

18
Q

Which arteriole of the renal corpuscle has the larger diameter?

A

Afferent arteriole

19
Q

What is the function of mesangial cells?

A

Filtration, support, phagocytosis

20
Q

Which cells make up the filter of the glomerulus?

A

Fenestrations of the endothelial cells
Basal Lamina of glomerulus
Slit membrane formed by foot processes of podocytes

21
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A
  1. Cortical nephron

2. Juxtaglomerular nephron

22
Q

What cells secrete renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular

23
Q

What part of the nephron abuts the efferent and afferent arterioles?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

24
Q

Where is the macula densa?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

25
Q

Where are the juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole

26
Q

What are renin’s actions at the level of the nephron?

A

Increase blood pressure and GFR

27
Q

What epithelium lines the ureter?

A

Transitional

28
Q

What muscle lines the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

29
Q

Which kidney is easier to palpate?

A

Right

30
Q

Are there anastomoses in the kidney?

A

No

31
Q

Describe the flood flow within the kidney

A

Renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerular capillary –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillary/vasa recta –> interlobular vein –> arcuate vein –> interlobar vein –> renal vein

32
Q

What is the sympathetic tone to the kidneys?

A

T10 –> L1

33
Q

What is the region of referred pain of the kidney?

A

T10 (umbilicus) to L1 (superpubic)

34
Q

What is the region of referred pain of the ureter?

A

T11 to L2

35
Q

What is the region of referred pain of the bladder?

A

L1 to L2

36
Q

What is the treatment for kidney stones?

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

37
Q

How do kidney transplants usually occur?

A

Transplant left kidney to right pelvis

38
Q

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Bulk transporter of most things

39
Q

What is the function of the loop of henle?

A

Creation of interstitial concentration gradient and important in urine concentration and water reabsorption

40
Q

What is the function of the distal tubule?

A

Sodium reabsorption

41
Q

What is the function of the collecting duct?

A

Fine tuning of fluid balance, electrolytes, acid/base balance

Renal (11 decks)

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