Renal Anatomy and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney location

A

Retroperitoneal lying about T12-L3

Right kidney sits lower.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Left hilum lies:

A

Near the transpyloric plane (right kidney’s superior lobe is near transpyloric plane).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Posteriorly, the superior parts of the kidneys lie deep to:

A

The 11th and 12th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Renal tissue gets its blood supply from:

A

Segmental arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ureter gets its blood supply from:

A

A variety of sources en route (renal branches, gonadal branches, iliac branches, abdominal aorta branches, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Succession of renal blood supply (9)

A
Aorta
Renal a.
Segmental a.
Interlobar a.
Arcuate a.
Cortical radiate a.
Affarent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the kidney

A

Via lesser splanchnic n. (T10-11) and least splanchnic n. (T12) synapsing at the aorticorenal ganglia.
Lumbar splanchnic ns. also play a role (L1-L2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What exists in the renal interstitium?

A

Fibroblasts producing EPO depending on O2 levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parietal layer and visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule:

A

P: simple squamous epithelium
V: consists of podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vascular pole contains (2)

A

Afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Urinary pole contains (1)

A

Origin of the proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glomerular endothelium (4)

A

Has fenestrations.
Thick luminal glycocalyx.
Has lots of aquaporins.
Can generate NO and PGE2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of podocytes

A

Regulate size, patency, and selectivity of filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GBM is composed of (4)

A

Type IV and XVII collagens, laminin, entactin, proteoglycans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is albuminia and what does it indicate?

A

Urine albumin.

Damage to GBM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Roles of mesangial cells

A
Support podocytes.
Phagocytic - removes debris, aggregates, etc.
Can control glomerular filtraion rate.
Secretes growth factors and cytokines.
Can proliferate in certain diseases.
17
Q

PCT

A

In renal cortex.
Most active tubule in resorption and secretion.
Simple cuboidal and columnar epithelium.
Abundant mito.

18
Q

Proximal straight tubule

A

Not as tall as the PCT with worse-developed brush border.

Has SGLT1’s.

19
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Loops into the medulla and back to the cortex.
Thin end has simple squamous and thick end has simple cuboidal w/ microvilli.
Sets up hyperosmotic gradient.

20
Q

DCT

A

Confined to cortex.

Lined with simple cuboidal epithelium.

21
Q

Angiotensin II affects which cells?

A

Influences Na+ resorption in the DCT

22
Q

Collecting ducts

A

Receive primitive urine from nephrons.
Has both simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium.
Functions to resorb water.

23
Q

What is the target of ADH and aldosterone?

A

Collecting tubules/ducts

24
Q

Light cells (principal cells) of the collecting tubules/duct

A

Target of aldosterone

25
Q

Dark cells (intercalated cells) of the collecting tubules/duct

A

Involved in H+ and bicarb transport.

26
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

Arise from efferent arterioles and surround convoluted tubules. Lined with fenestrated epithelium.
Can re-uptake H2O and salts.

27
Q

Vasa recta

A

Run alongside LoH as part of the collecting system.

Have continuous endothelium when descending and fenestrated endothelium when ascending.

28
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells

A

Mechanosensory cells

Secrete renin if BP is low.

29
Q

Macula densa

A

Acts as a chemoreceptor by monitoring salts. Can signal the release of renin from JGCs if Na is low.

30
Q

Renin release causes (3)

A

Increase in Na retention, BV and BP

31
Q

Function of:
Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Basal layer

A

Stretch
Slide
Stem cells

32
Q

Fusiform vesicles

A

Fuse with PM when cell is distended.

33
Q

Urothelial plaques

A

Form impermeable barrier via uroplakin proteins

34
Q

3 muscular layers of the ureter

A

Inner longitudinal layer
Outer circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer

35
Q

Composition of epithelium in the urethra (3)

A

Transitional epithelium at the origin
Psuedostratified columnar for the majority of the urethra
Stratified squamous at the very distal end

36
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

Auto dominant
Cysts form that impede drainage and can lead to kidney failure and poor regulation of BP and infections.
Asymptomatic at first (usually see signs at 30-40)
Dialysis and transplant only main options.