Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Exam #1 > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

60-40-20 rule

A

60% of body weight is TBW.
40% of body weight is ICF (or 2/3 of TBW).
20% of body weight is ECF (or 1/3 of TBW).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ECF is further separated into:

A

Plasma (1/4 of ECF) and interstitial fluid (3/4 of ECF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What fluid is acted on directly to control its volume and conc.?

A

Plasma. This can indirectly affect ECF conc. too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Third spacing

A

Fluid shifts to “nonfunctional” area of cells (between tissues and organs of the abdomen) usually asa result of burns or pulmonary edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary anion and cation in ICF

A

PO4 3-

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary anion and cation in the ECF

A

Na+

Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nonelectrolytes and electrolytes

A

Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate in solution.

Electrolytes dissociate and are charged. Have higher osmotic power and greater ability to cause a fluid shift.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osmolality

A

Measure of number of osmotically active pericles per kg of H2O.
Most commonly used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osmolarity

A

The number of osmotically active particles per liter of total solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Na+ range

A

135-147 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cl- range

A

95-105 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

K+ range

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HCO3- range

A

22-28 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Creatinine range

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BUN range

A

7-18 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood contains both:

A

ECF (fluid in plasma) and ICF (fluid within RBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Average blood content

A

7% of body weight or 5 L

About 60% is plasma and 40% is RBCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens when ECF volume is lost?

If ECF volume is gained?

A

Increase in total plasma protein conc.

Decrease in total plasma protein conc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hematocrit and its ranges

A

Fraction of the blood composed of RBCs.
Men - 0.40
Women - 0.36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disturbances in hematocrit

A

ECF vol. loss will result in increased hematocrit.
ECF vol. gain will result in decreased hematocrit.
ICF vol. loss will result in decreased hematocrit.
ICF vol. gain will result in increased hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gibbs-Donnan effect

A

CM is impermeable to proteins, which are generally negatively charged.
Causes an oncotic gradient for water to move into the cell AND the negative charge creates an electrical environment favoring the movement of ions into the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What counteracts the G-D effect?

A

Na/K ATPase (3 out, 2 in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would happen if G-D effect was not countered?

A

Excessive movement of water into the cell causing lysis.

24
Q

What ions maintain ICF and ECF osmotic balance?

A

ICF - K+

ECF - Na+

25
Q

What 2 factors allow for the free movement of fluid?

A
  1. Water diffuses through capillary walls faster than blood.

2. There is a pressure difference between the inside and outside of vessels.

26
Q

Increased hydrostatic pressure causes:

A

The movement of water and solutes out through capillary walls.

27
Q

What has to happen for filtration to occur?

What about resorption?

A

Capillary BP must exceed plasma colloid osmotic pressure.

The opposite.

28
Q

Normally, what do the pressures in the capillary at the arteriole and venule ends cause?

A

Arteriole - filtration occurs.

Venule - resorption occurs

29
Q

Function of albumin at the capillary

A

Pulls water into the vascular space and holds in in the vessel.

30
Q

When is edema seen?

A

Once interstitial vol. is increased by 2.5-3 L.

31
Q

Edema is derived from (2):

A

Altering the capillary hemodynamics - fluid moving from blood to interstitium.
Renal retention of Na+ and water to maintain plasma volume to “refill” the vasculature.

32
Q

Renal retention of dietary Na+ and water (edema) can result in:

A

HTN

33
Q

Pitting vs. non-pitting edema

A

Non-pitting is caused by increased ICF vol.

Pitting is caused by increased interstitial fluid.

34
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure vs. capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure

A

CHP forces fluid out of capillary and into interstitium.

COP pulls fluid from interstitium to capillary.

35
Q

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure vs. interstitial oncotic pressure

A

IHP forces water back into capillary

IOP fulls fluid out of capillary into the interstitium.

36
Q

Net filtration =

A

K [(filtration)-(absorption)]

37
Q

Iso-, Hyper-, Hypotonic solutions

A

Iso - [NaCl] = 0.85%
Hyper - [NaCl] > 0.85% cells shrink
Hypo - [NaCl] < 0.85% cells swell

38
Q

Serum osmolality

A

285-295 mOsm

39
Q

Crystalloids for replacement therapy

A

Organic or inorganic salts dissolved in water (Glc or NaCl) that do NOT cross the CM (remain in ECF).
Can diffuse across capillary walls and equilibrate between intravascular and interstitial vol.

40
Q

Colloids for replacement therapy

A

Do not pass through semipermeable membranes. They remain in the intravascular compartment (plasma) and expand its volume by drawing from extravascular spaces.

41
Q

What can increase IC vol? (2)

A

Glc and NaCl

42
Q

What can increase interstitial and lymphatic vol.? (4)

A

Glc, NaCl, Saline (mostly), Crystalloids

43
Q

What can increase plasma vol? (5)

A

Everything

Glc, NaCl, Saline, Crystalloids, colloids (mostly colloids)

44
Q

3 main solutes in ECF?

A

Na+
Glc
Urea

45
Q

Equation for serum osmolality

A

2Na + Glc/18 + BUN/2.8

46
Q

Plasma osmolality =

A

2 x plasma [Na+]

47
Q

Hypotonic (Hyponatremic) dehydration

A

Loss of Na+ is greater than loss of water in the ECF.
Water shifts from ECF to ICF.
Serum Na+ and serum osmolality are less than the normal range.

48
Q

Hypertonic (Hypernatremic) dehydration

A

Loss of water is greater than the loss of Na+.
Water shifts from ICF to ECF.
Serum osmolality and serum Na+ are both elevated.

49
Q

Sx of hypotonic dehydration

A

Edema, cell swelling, depression, confusion, nausea, diarrhea.

50
Q

Sx of hypertonic dehydration

A

Muscular weakness and hyperactive reflexes.

51
Q

Volume contraction

A

Decrease in ECF vol.

Causes decreased blood vol and decreased BP.

52
Q

Volume expansion

A

Increase in ECF vol.

Causes increased BP and edema.

53
Q

Iso-osmotic volume contraction

A

From acute loss of fluid (hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting).

Decrease in ECF but no change in osmolality and ICF vol.

54
Q

Hyper-osmotic volume contraction

A

From dehydration, diabetes insipidus, alcoholism.

Decrease in ECF vol and ICF vol, but increase in body osmolality.

55
Q

Iso-osmotic volume exansion

A

Due to gain of isotonic saline.

Increase in ECF but no change to osmolality or ICF vol.

56
Q

Hypo-osmotic volume expansion

A

Gain of hypotonic fluid.

Increase in ECF and ICF, but a decrease in body osmolality.

Renal Exam #1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions