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Nephrology > Renal Anatomy > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

Paravertebral gutter
L1-L3
Left higher than right extending to the level of the 11th rib

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2
Q

What drains into the left renal vein?

A
  • Left suprarenal vein

- left gonadal vein

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3
Q

Where does the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into? How does this differ from the left

A

On the right into IVC

On the left into the renal vein

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4
Q

What is the % difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

85% cortical is where most reabsorption occurs

15% juxtamedullary - urine concentration

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5
Q

What structures are found in the renal sinus?

A

renal sinus is the area within invaginated kidney

  • segmental arteries
  • segmental veins
  • renal pelvic
  • fat
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6
Q

How is urine propelled in the ureter?

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the ureter?

A

Tube that conducts urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

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8
Q

What structure does the ureter cross as it descends to the bladder?

A

enters pelvic cavity cross the external iliac artery

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9
Q

In what areas is the ureter constricted?

A

as it passes the brim of the lesser pelvis and again as it passes through the bladder wall

*ureteric stone may become impacted here.

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10
Q

What anchors the bladder (and which part of the bladder) to the pubis?

A

Bladder neck is anchored to the pubis by puboprostatic ligaments

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11
Q

What covers the superior surface of the bladder?

A

Peritoneum

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12
Q

What does the bladder rest on?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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13
Q

Whats in contact with the bladder on the infero-lateral surfaces?

A

Retropubic space fat

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14
Q

What structures lie close to the superior poles of the kidneys?

A

Adrenal glands
Diaphragm
12th rib

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15
Q

What anatomical structure are closely related to the superior pole of the left kidney

A 
Spleen
Stomach
Diaphragm
11th rib
Pleura
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16
Q

What structures are related to the medial boarders of the kidney?

A

Psoas major
R = IVC
Ureter
Renal vessels

17
Q

What structure are related to the inferolateral portion of the kidneys

A

Transversus abdominus
Qadratus lumborum
Ilioinguinal nerve

18
Q

What are the anterior relations of the right kidney?

A

Liver
Duodenum
Hepatic colic flexure

19
Q

What are the anterior relations of the left kidney?

A 
Spleen
Stomach
Splenic vessels
Tail of pancreas
Splenic colic flexure
20
Q

Every how long does the ureter undergo peristalsis?

A

every 30s

21
Q

What does the psoas major do?

A

flexion of the hip

flexes and laterally rotates the thigh

22
Q

Where do the renal arteries arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta

At level of SMA

23
Q

Which part of the kidney are the renal corpuscles primarily located in?

A

Cortex

24
Q

What do the medullary rays consist of?

A

collecting duct

draining nephrons

25
Q

What kind of epithelium forms Bowman’s capsule

A

Fenestrated

Simple squamous becoming cuboidal at PCT

26
Q

What is the macula dense

A

Part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

  • densely -packed epithelial cells along the DCT adjacent to the afferent arteriole on the vascular pole of of the corpuscle (Bowman’s)
  • Function: sensor for [Na+] and [Cl-]
27
Q

What is Bowman’s space?

A

Space within Bowman’s capsule surrounding the loops and lobules of the glomerulus

it is where FILTRATION occurs

28
Q

What are podocytes?

A

footed cells with projections

3rd layer of filtration barrier

29
Q

What are the layers of the glomerular filtration barrier in order?

A

1st: fenestrated simple squamous epithelial cells
2nd: glomerular basement membrane
3rd: podocytes

30
Q

What is a glomerulus?

A

Knot of capillaries and supporting structures within Bowman’s capsule

31
Q

during development, when do the kidneys start to form?

A

4th week: prenephros

5th week: start of definitive kidney

32
Q

Patients with horse-shoe kidney

what are the functional effects?

A

reflex

rarely tumours: Wilm’s tumour

33
Q

What is Wilm’s Tumour?

A

Wilms tumor (also called Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma) is a type of cancer that starts in the kidneys.

34
Q

What are the main components o the male urethra?

A

Prostatic -> membranous -> spongy

Nephrology (6 decks)

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