Renal Anatomy Flashcards
Where do the kidneys lie?
Paravertebral gutter
L1-L3
Left higher than right extending to the level of the 11th rib
What drains into the left renal vein?
- Left suprarenal vein
- left gonadal vein
Where does the right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into? How does this differ from the left
On the right into IVC
On the left into the renal vein
What is the % difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?
85% cortical is where most reabsorption occurs
15% juxtamedullary - urine concentration
What structures are found in the renal sinus?
renal sinus is the area within invaginated kidney
- segmental arteries
- segmental veins
- renal pelvic
- fat
How is urine propelled in the ureter?
Peristalsis
What is the ureter?
Tube that conducts urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
What structure does the ureter cross as it descends to the bladder?
enters pelvic cavity cross the external iliac artery
In what areas is the ureter constricted?
as it passes the brim of the lesser pelvis and again as it passes through the bladder wall
*ureteric stone may become impacted here.
What anchors the bladder (and which part of the bladder) to the pubis?
Bladder neck is anchored to the pubis by puboprostatic ligaments
What covers the superior surface of the bladder?
Peritoneum
What does the bladder rest on?
Pelvic diaphragm
Whats in contact with the bladder on the infero-lateral surfaces?
Retropubic space fat
What structures lie close to the superior poles of the kidneys?
Adrenal glands
Diaphragm
12th rib
What anatomical structure are closely related to the superior pole of the left kidney
Spleen Stomach Diaphragm 11th rib Pleura
What structures are related to the medial boarders of the kidney?
Psoas major
R = IVC
Ureter
Renal vessels
What structure are related to the inferolateral portion of the kidneys
Transversus abdominus
Qadratus lumborum
Ilioinguinal nerve
What are the anterior relations of the right kidney?
Liver
Duodenum
Hepatic colic flexure
What are the anterior relations of the left kidney?
Spleen Stomach Splenic vessels Tail of pancreas Splenic colic flexure
Every how long does the ureter undergo peristalsis?
every 30s
What does the psoas major do?
flexion of the hip
flexes and laterally rotates the thigh
Where do the renal arteries arise from?
Abdominal aorta
At level of SMA
Which part of the kidney are the renal corpuscles primarily located in?
Cortex
What do the medullary rays consist of?
collecting duct
draining nephrons
What kind of epithelium forms Bowman’s capsule
Fenestrated
Simple squamous becoming cuboidal at PCT
What is the macula dense
Part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
- densely -packed epithelial cells along the DCT adjacent to the afferent arteriole on the vascular pole of of the corpuscle (Bowman’s)
- Function: sensor for [Na+] and [Cl-]
What is Bowman’s space?
Space within Bowman’s capsule surrounding the loops and lobules of the glomerulus
it is where FILTRATION occurs
What are podocytes?
footed cells with projections
3rd layer of filtration barrier
What are the layers of the glomerular filtration barrier in order?
1st: fenestrated simple squamous epithelial cells
2nd: glomerular basement membrane
3rd: podocytes
What is a glomerulus?
Knot of capillaries and supporting structures within Bowman’s capsule
during development, when do the kidneys start to form?
4th week: prenephros
5th week: start of definitive kidney
Patients with horse-shoe kidney
what are the functional effects?
reflex
rarely tumours: Wilm’s tumour
What is Wilm’s Tumour?
Wilms tumor (also called Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma) is a type of cancer that starts in the kidneys.
What are the main components o the male urethra?
Prostatic -> membranous -> spongy
