Renal anatomy 1 Flashcards
What are the key 4 functions of the renal system?
- Control hydration
- regulate electrolyte concentrations in blood
- regulate pH in blood
- excrete waste products from blood
What is the main function of a nephron?
unit of filtration of blood
What is the connectivity of the reproductive and the urinary systems?
Both develop from common mesodermal ridge along dorsal abdominal wallmales share common pathway (urethra), females share vestibule
during foetal development, 3 overlapping excretory systems are formed in neck, thorax and lumbar regions. Very briefly, list the 3 excretory systems in embryology (not much detail, mainly the kidney one)
The pronephros (non-functional)the mesonephros (fucntions for short time during early foetal period)the metanephros (forms the permanent kidney)
What is the hilum in relation to the kidney?
Entry and exit site for everything in the Kidneys, including
- ureters
- Renal artery and vein
- lymphatics
- nerves
List the 4 types of different kidneys
- Multipapillate kidney (pig, human)
- Renulate kidney (cow)
- crest kidney (cat, dog, sheep, goat)
- terminal recess kidney (horse)
What is a renulate kidney and what species found in?
Cows
- 12-25 mini kidneys (renules) on a common ureter
- each renule drains into a minor calyx –> then drains into a major calyx which combine to form ureter
What species is multipapillate kidney found in?
humans and pigs
Describe structure of multipapillate kidney
Each medulla have their own papilla
- Fusion of the cortex but medullary pyramids are generally not fused –> have their own papilla hence multipapillate
- most complex/layered drainage out of different kidneys
What species have the crest kidney? What makes the cat’s kidney stand out?
dog, cat, sheep and goat
dog, sheep and goat are virtually identical
cat kidney have lots of capsular veins from the hilum
describe structure of the crest kidney
fused cortex and medulla
papillae fused to form a crest - the renal crest (fusion of all papillae into one)
no calyx’s at all, drips into the renal pelvis and then the ureter
How would you identify crest kidney from other kidneys?
has pseudopapillae, not actual papillae though
have a crest –> fusion of the papillae)
What species have terminal recess kidney?
horse
Describe the terminal recess kidney structure
Complete fusion of medulla and of the cortex (similar to crest kidney)
small central renal crest
two terminal recesses at either side (extensions to the side)
topography: where do the kidneys lie in the body?
Pressed against dorsal abdominal wall
RK snuggled into the renal fossa (under last rib)
LK can move a little unlike RK
Peritoneum holds the kidneys
