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renal anat Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the mesonephric duct also known as?

A

Wolffian duct

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2
Q

what is the paramesonephric duct also known as?

A

Mullerian duct

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3
Q

what does the allantois give rise to?

A

bladder

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4
Q

what is the collecting duct derived from?

A

ureteric bud

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5
Q

what is the nephron derived from?

A

metanephrogenic mesenchyme

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6
Q

what mesoderm is the kidney derived from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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7
Q

what structures does the mesonephric duct mainly give rise to?

A

male reproductive structures (testes, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles)

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8
Q

what structures does the paramesonephric duct mainly give rise to?

A

female reproductive structures (fallopian tubes, uterus, proximal vagina)

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9
Q

what does the ureteric bud form?

A

drainage components of urinary system: collecting ducts, renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters

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10
Q

what does the metanephric mesenchyme form?

A

nephrons (glomerulus, PCT, LoH, DCT) and interstitium

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11
Q

what are the 6 stages of nephrogenesis?

A
  1. mesenchymal cell condensation (aggregation)
  2. epithelial vesicle
  3. comma-shaped body
  4. s-shaped body
  5. capillary loop stage glomerulus
  6. maturing glomerulus
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12
Q

what the 3 muscles of posterior abdominal wall (medial to lateral)?

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, iliacus

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13
Q

describe the median arcuate ligament anatomically

A

surrounds aortic hiatus, connects diaphragmatic crura

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14
Q

describe the medial arcuate ligament anatomically

A

arches over psoas major and sympathetic trunks
thickening of psoas fascia curving from L1 vertebral body to transverse process

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15
Q

describe the lateral arcuate ligament anatomically

A

arches over quadratus lumborum and subcostal nerves and vessels
thickening of lumbar fascia from L1 transverse process to 12th rib

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16
Q

nerve roots of iliohypogastric nerve and relation to psoas major

A

T12-L1
runs under psoas major and emerges at its lateral border to run over quadratus lumborum

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17
Q

nerve roots of ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

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18
Q

nerve roots of genitofemoral nerve and relation to psoas major

A

L1-L2
pierces psoas at L3/4 emerging on its anterior surface

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19
Q

nerve roots of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and it’s relation to psoas major

A

L2-3
lateral border of psoas major

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20
Q

nerve root of femoral nerve and relation to psoas major

A

L2-4
lateral border of psoas major

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21
Q

nerve roots of obturator nerve and relation to psoas major

A

L2-4
medial border of psoas major

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22
Q

boundaries of lumbar triangle (anterior, posterior and inferior)

A

anterior: external oblique muscle
posterior: latissimus dorsi
inferior: iliac crest

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23
Q

what is the T8 hiatus and what structures run through it)

A

caval hiatus

IVC, right phrenic nerve, lymphatics

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24
Q

what is the T10 hiatus and what structures run through it)

A

oesophageal hiatus

oesophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks

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25
what is the T12 hiatus and what structures run through it?
aortic hiatus aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
26
what vertebral level is kidneys?
right: L1-4 left: T12-L3
27
arrange these structures from anterior to posterior 1. renal artery 2. renal pelvis 3. renal vein 4. splenic vein
splenic vein, renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis
28
which renal vein is longer?
left renal vein
29
which renal artery is longer?
right renal artery
30
which renal vein runs posterior to SMA?
left renal vein
31
which renal artery runs posterior to IVC?
right renal artery
32
blood flow in kidney from renal artery to peritubular capillaries
renal artery --> segmental --> interlobar --> arcuate --> interlobular --> afferent arterioles --> glomerulus --> efferent arterioles --> peritubular capillaries
33
order of veins from vasa recta to renal vein
vasa recta --> interlobular --> arcuate --> interlobar --> renal vein
34
what is the lymphatic drainage of kidneys?
para-aortic LN --> cisterna chyli
35
what is the lymphatic drainage of paired viscera?
para-aortic/lumbar LN
36
what is the lymphatic drainage of unpaired viscera?
pre-aortic LN
37
what are the four layers surrounding the kidney? (superficial to deep)
1. pararenal fat 2. renal/Gerota's fascia 3. perirenal fat 4. renal capsule
38
what are the two types of nephrons?
cortical and juxtamedullary nephron
39
which nephron has a longer LoH?
juxtamedullary nephron
40
which nephron has its glomeruli in the outer cortex?
cortical nephron
41
what are the 3 resident cell types in the glomerulus?
1. endothelial cell 2. mesangial cell 3. podocytes
42
which part of the nephron does extensive ion exchange occur?
distal convoluted tubule
43
which part of the nephron plays a major role in absorption of tubular contents?
proximal convoluted tubule
44
what type of epithelium lines the collecting ducts?
simple cuboidal
45
what type of epithelium lines the distal tubules?
simple cuboidal
46
what type of epithelium lines the proximal tubules?
simple columnar or cuboidal
47
where is renin synthesised?
juxtaglomerular cells which is part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
48
what are the 3 parts of the JGA?
1. macula densa 2. extraglomerular mesangium (lacis cells) 3. juxtaglomerular cell
49
what type of epithelium lines the ureters?
transitional epithelium/urothelium
50
which part of the ureter has thick lamina propria and thin muscularia externa?
proximal ureter
51
which part of the ureter has thin lamina propria and thick muscularis externa?
distal ureter
52
what structures do the ureters pass under?
uterine artery/vas deferens
53
what are the 3 typical sites of constriction of ureter?
1. ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) 2. pelvic brim (where ureter crosses anterior to common iliac artery at L5) 3. ureterovesical junction
54
what is the arterial supply of the upper ureter?
renal artery
55
what is the arterial supply of the middle ureter?
aorta, gonadal artery, common iliac a.
56
what is the arterial supply of the lower ureter?
internal iliac a.
57
what type of epithelium lines the bladder?
stratified transitional epithelium (stratified columnar --> squamous)
58
where are the transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors found?
lamina propria of bladder wall
59
what are the 3 layers of muscle of detrusor muscle?
longitudinal, circular, longitudinal
60
which adrenal gland is pyramidal?
right adrenal gland
61
which adrenal gland is crescenteric?
left adrenal gland
62
what are the 3 layers of adrenal cortex?
1. zona glomerulosa 2. zona fasiculata 3. zona reticularis
63
which vein does the left suprarenal vein drain into?
left renal vein
64
what does the right suprarenal vein drain into?
IVC
65
which artery does the superior suprarenal artery branch from?
inferior phrenic artery
66
where does the middle suprarenal artery branch from?
abdominal aorta
67
which muscle is most likely to be injured in punctured kidney?
quadratus lumborum
68
where is ureteric pain referred to and what nerve fibres carry them?
loin to groin SNS afferents
69
which glomerular filtration layer prevents the leakage of red blood cells?
fenestrated endothelium
70
which nerve is responsible for the cremaster reflex?
ilioinguinal nerve
71
what processes does Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) inhibit?
ureteric budding and branching morphogenesis
72
by the end of week ___, the pronephros disappears and does not function
week 4
73
in horseshoe kidney, the kidneys are trapped under ___
IMA
74
The sympathetic nerves that supply the bladder originate from: a. T1-3 b. T4-6 c. T10-L2 d. T8-9
c. T10-L2

renal system (9 decks)

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