Renal Agents Edit

Question 1

ADH

Answer 1

• binds to H2O channels and create effective H20 reabsorption

Question 2

Block ADH

Answer 2

• decrease in H2O reabsorption

Question 3

Na+ not absorbed early in causes…

Answer 3

increased Na absorption later, AND INCREASE K+&H+ SECRETION

Question 4

Acetazolamide

Answer 4

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

• proximal tubule
• blocks reabsorption of sodium bicarbonate (which is a base)
• leads to metabolic acidosis

Question 5

Indications for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Answer 5

• glaucoma
• mountain sickness
• to correct metabolic alkalosis ( because limits reabsorption of sodium bicarbonate)

Question 6

Mannitol

Answer 6

Osmotic Diuretic

• proximal tubule and descending limb of Henle’s loop
• acts as sponge to hold more water for excretion
• increases excretion of H20
• loss of H2O leads to decreased intracellular volume = HYPERNATUREMIA risk

Question 7

Osmotic Diuretic Toxicity

Answer 7

• extracellular volume expansion: releases H2O where shouldn’t be
• dehydration and hypernatremia

Question 8

Flurosemide

what block

Answer 8

Loop Diuretic

• Loop of Henle
• blocks NKCC2 transporter
• – not as much K in cell, decreasing + potential
• – INCREASED Mg & Ca EXCRETION!

Question 9

Flurosemide Toxicity

Answer 9

• hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
• impaired carbohydrate tolerance
• hyperglycemia

Question 10

Hydrochlorothiazide

What block?

Answer 10

Thiazide

• distal convoluted tubule
• ** increases Ca REABSORPTION!***
• opposite of furosemide
• blocks NCC cotransporter (Na+|Cl-)

Question 11

Spironolactone

Answer 11

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

• blocks Aldosterone which decreases K+ & H+ secretion
• use when Aldosterone is high

Question 12

Aldosterone

Answer 12

• increased aldosterone = increased K+ secretion and NA absorption
• block aldosterone = less effective K+ & H+ secretion

Question 13

Conivaptan

Answer 13

ADH Antagonist

• late distal tubule and collecting duct
• decreases H2O reabsorption
• ** SIADH and hyponitremia ***