Renal Acid and Base Regulation Flashcards
What does the buffer system consists of?
A weak acid (H2CO3) and a bicarbonate salt (NaHCO3)
What is the most important extracellular buffer?
The bicarbonate buffer system
What is important in the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?
Carbonic anhydrase
In a buffer system, what does the addition of a strong acid lead to?
Formation of a weak acid
In a buffer system, what does the addition of a strong base lead to?
Leads to the formation of a weak base
What results in the decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels resulting in a decrease in respiration rate?
Increased levels of HCO3 that can be excreted via the kidneys
The phosphate buffer system plays a major role in what?
Buffering the renal tubular fluid and intracellular fluids
What is the primary method for removing nonvolatile acids?
Renal excretion
What occurs in almost ALL parts of the tubules EXCEPT the descending and ascending thin limbs of the loop of Henle?
Hydrogen ion secretion via secondary active transport (coupled with sodium ion transport)
Where does primary active hydrogen secretion begin? What does it involve?
Late distal tubules in intercalated cells
Involves a hydrogen-transporting ATPase
How much of bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule?
80-90%
Achange in plasma pH and metabolic acidosis is caused by what change?
Decrease in bicarbonate ion
What causes a change in plasma pH and metabolic alkalosis
Increase in bicarbonate ion
In metabolic acidosis what is added to the extracellular fluid?
New bicarbonate ion
In metabolic alkalosis what is removed? and how?
bicarbonate ions are removed from extracellular fluid by renal excretion
