Renal A+P review Flashcards
The “working unit” of the kidney is called? What is their main function?
- Nephron
* Form urine from blood
What 3 things do the kidneys regulate?
- Body fluid volume
- Elimination of waste products
- Electrolyte and acid-base balance
Glomerular filtration
Blood flows from the _____ artery, to the
afferent ______, into the ______.
- Renal Artery
- Arteriole
- Glomerulus
Glomerular filtration
Water, electrolytes, creatinine, urea, nitrogen
and glucose are filtered across the _____
membrane into ________ and into
the _______. This forms the _____ that
will be filtered by the renal tubules and
eventually removed from the body as ______.
- glomerular membrane
- Bowmans capsule
- Renal tubules
- Filtrate
- Urine
Glomerular filtration
The remaining blood leaves the ______ via
the ______ into the _______ to
return to the _______.
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- renal vein
- bloodstream
Glomerular filtration
Large particles, such as ____ and _____
are too big to filter through the glomerular
capillary walls so they remain in the blood that
is returned to the bloodstream. Therefore,
these substances should not what?
- Albumin and RBCs
* Should not be present in urine
an estimate of the
filtering capacity of the kidneys and tells us a
lot about kidney function
*glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Normal GFR rate? What does this mean? What does a higher GFR rate mean?
- 120 ml/min
- 120 mls of blood is filtered through glomeruli every minute
- More urine is being produced and vice versa
Reabsorption means that ____of the _____,
and most _____ that were filtered into the
renal tubules are then reabsorbed back into the
bloodstream in the _______.
- 99%
- Water and most electrolytes
- Proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption of most of the filtrate back
into the body keeps normal urine output at
about _____ and prevents
______and ______.
- 1-3 liters/day
* Prevents dehydration and excessive electrolyte loss.
Substances such as ______ and excess
______ are actively moved out of the
bloodstream into the ________ using the
mechanism of _________ (rather than passive
filtration). Where are these excreted? What does this help regulate?
- Excess hydrogen ions and potassium
- Renal tubules
- Active transport
- Excreted into urine
- Regulates acid/base balance and potassium
Two hormones produced by kidneys?
- Renin
* Erythropoietin
kidneys help convert ______
that we ingest from food into an active form
that can be used by the body.
*Vitamin D
Where is renin secreted?
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Normal range for BUN
10-20
