Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 revision boards > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the commonest nephropathy of children?

A

Minimal change nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the commonest nephropathy of adults in the UK?

A

Membranous nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nephrotic or Nephritic; IgA nephropathy

A

Nephritic (blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nephrotic or Nephritic; membranous nephropathy

A

Nephrotic (protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nephrotic or Nephritic; minimal change disease

A

Nephrotic (protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nephrotic or Nephritic; focal segmental glomeurosclerosis

A

Nephrotic (protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does IgA nephropathy happen?

A

A few days to several weeks post a GI or Resp infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Histology; IgA nephropathy

A

IgA deposition at the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mx: IgA nephropathy

A

High dose prednisolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Histology; Membranous nephropathy

A

Thick basement membrane with immune complex deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mx: Membranous nephropathy

A

Corticosteroids +/- immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histology; minimal change nephropathy

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mx: minimal change nephropathy

A

Supportive care (especially crystalloid fluids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Histology; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

Segmental scarring

Foot process fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mx: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

High dose prednisolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which glomerulonephropathy is most likely to progress to end-stage kidney disease?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the key symptoms of urinary tract obstruction?

A 
Loin pain
Aneuria
Hesitancy
Terminal dribble
Palpable bladder
18
Q

What is the Ix for urinary tract obstruction?

A

USS or CT

19
Q

What is the management of urinary tract obstruction?

A

Foley catheter
Cystopic stents
Surgery

20
Q

What are the common causes of intraluminal urinary tract obstruction?

A

Stones (calculus)
Thrombus
Sloughed papilla
Tumours

21
Q

What are the luminal causes of urinary tract obstruction?

A

NMJ dysfunction
Neuropathic bladder
Pinhole meatus
Urethral valves

22
Q

Urinary retention in young boys is likely due to what?

A

Posterior urethral valves

23
Q

What are the extraluminal causes of urinary tract obstruction?

A 
Abdominal tumours
AAA
Diverticulitis
Iatrogenic
Prostatic obstruction
24
Q

What type of bugs usually cause UTIs?

A

Bowel flora

E.coli, enterococcus, klebsiella

25
Q

What % of UTIs are caused by E.coli

A

65% to 90%

26
Q

Sx: UTIs

A

increased frequency of urination
pain on urination
haematuria

27
Q

Who doesn’t need urinalysis in a suspected UTI?

A

Anyone who isn’t a young female

Also not cath patients

28
Q

What is the first-line antibiotic in UTIs?

A

Nitrofurantoin

29
Q

What is the first-line UTI in a catheterised patient?

A

Gentamycin

30
Q

What 3 vasculitides commonly affect the kidneys?

A

EGPA (eosinophilic GPA)
GPA (granulomatous polyangitis)
MPA (microscopic polyangitis)

31
Q

How do renal vasculitis present?

A

AKI
Nephortic or nephritic syndromes
Purpuritic rashes

32
Q

Mx: renal vasculitis

A

high dose prednisolone

IV pulsed cyclophosphamide

33
Q

What causes renal hypertension?

A

A “side effect” of other renal diseases
Commonly chronic glomerulonephritis or bilateral reflux or CKD

Over stimulation of RAAS or Na retention

34
Q

Mx: renal hypertension

A

As other hypertension except ACEI first for everyone

35
Q

What % of diabetic patients get diabetic nephropathy?

A

25%

36
Q

Sx: diabetic nephropathy

A

Nephrotic

Proteinuria and oedema

37
Q

Mx: diabetic nephropathy

A

Optimum diabetes Mx + ACEI

38
Q

Ix: atherosclerotic renovascular disease

A

CT angiography

39
Q

Mx: atherosclerotic renovascular disease

A

Statins
Aspirin
BP control (ACEI)

Stents if severe

40
Q

Sx: acute kidney injury

A

Decreased micrutirtion
Fluid retention
Confusion
Nausea

41
Q

Ix: AKI

A

High creatinine
High urea
odd Na

42
Q

Mx: AKI

A

Fluids (electrolyte correction)
Stop neprhotoxics

?dialysis for support

Y3 revision boards (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions