Renal

Question 1

What is the renal corpuscle?

Answer 1

the glomerulus –> tufts of capillaries that jut into bowman’s capsule
- large surface area for filtration

Question 2

In/out of Renal blood flow

Answer 2

to thru single afferent arteriole and from efferent arteriole

Question 3

Basement membrane charge?

Answer 3

barrier has net (-) charge –> favors filtration of cations more than anions

Question 4

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

Answer 4

Located on BM + epithelial cells –> regulate glomerular blood flow

• contracts in response to Ang II = decreased GFR
• relax in response to ANP = increase GFR

Question 5

Proximal Tubule

Answer 5

~65-75% of ultrafiltrate formed in Bowman’s capsule is reabsorbed
*Na+ resorption!!!

Question 6

active protein transporters in proximal tubule?

Answer 6

increase efficiency of drug elimination

Question 7

Na+ Reabsorption in prox tubule?

Answer 7

active transport –> Na-K ATPase –> low intracellular [Na] –> promotes [ ] gradient for ongoing reabsorption

Question 8

What do Ang II and NE do to Na reabsorption?

Answer 8

enhance Na+ reabsorption

Question 9

Loop of Henle

Answer 9

responsible for maintaining hypertonic medullary interstitium and indirectly providing collecting tubule ability to [ ] urine

Question 10

Loops in cortical nephrons?

Answer 10

short loops

Question 11

Loops in medullary nephrons?

Answer 11

deep loops

Question 12

Thick ascending limb?

Answer 12

impermeable to H2O

• • tubule becomes hypotonic
• • interstitium becomes hypertonic

Question 13

Distal Tubule

Answer 13

receives hypotonic fluid from loop –> tight junctions (impermeable to Na and H2O)

Question 14

Cortical Collecting Duct

Answer 14

1. principal cells: secrete K+ and aldosterone mediated Na resorption
2. Intercalated cells: acid-base regulation

Question 15

Medullary Collecting Duct

Answer 15

joins others to eventually become ureter

* Site of action of ADH (AVP) –> AQP-2 water drawn in to make [ ] urine

Question 16

JG Apparatus

Answer 16

specialized segment of afferent arteriole that contains JG cells

Question 17

JG cells

Answer 17

contain renin that is released and converts angiotensinogen –> angiotensin I

Question 18

Renal Blood Flow

Answer 18

juxtamedullary nephrons only received 10-15% of total renal blood flow –> sensitive to ischemia and attempt Na retention

Question 19

Medulla sensitivity to hypotension/hypoxia?

Answer 19

Critical sensitivity due to small blood flow % and high O2 extraction

Question 20

Arteriole dilation/constriction to achieve increased GFR

Answer 20

Afferent dilation

Efferent Constriction

Question 21

Arteriole dilation/constriction to achieve decreased GFR

Answer 21

Afferent constriction

Efferent Dilation

Question 22

How to NSAIDs decrease GFR?

Answer 22

the prevent Afferent dilation –> resulting in vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole

Question 23

What does renin do to RBF

Answer 23

It increases Ang II –> vasoconstriction –> decreases RBF but increases GFR

Question 24

Renal prostaglandins

Answer 24

cause vasodilation leading to more RBF and GFR

Question 25

Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 25

Mannitol: filtered at glomerulus and limits passive water reabsorption

Question 26

Loop Diuretics

Answer 26

Inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption in thick ascending limb

Question 27

S.E of Loop diuretics?

Answer 27

hypokalemia
alkalosis
calcium stones

Question 28

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 28

inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption in distal tubule

Question 29

S.E of thiazides?

Answer 29

hyperGLUC and hypokalemia

Question 30

K+ sparring diuretics

Answer 30

inhibit reabsorption of Na+ in collecting tubules