Adrenal

Question 1

Adrenal gland primary responsibility

Answer 1

secretion of cortical steroids for stress response

Question 2

2 zones of adrenal gland

Answer 2

Cortex - superficial

Medulla - deep

Question 3

3 zones of cortex

Answer 3

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

Question 4

Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 4

aldosterone production

- BP control long term

Question 5

Zona Fasciculata

Answer 5

glucocorticoid production

Question 6

Zona Reticularis

Answer 6

androgen production

Question 7

Medulla

Answer 7

Source of catecholamines
~80% Epinephrine
~20% NE and Dopamine

Question 8

Innervation of Medulla

Answer 8

Preganglionic fibers from sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

Cortisol causes catecholamine release?

Answer 9

Diffuses into medulla for paracrine release

Question 10

Aldosterone purpose

Answer 10

Fluid and electrolyte management

Question 11

Things that cause increase aldosterone?

Answer 11

+RAAS
ACTH
Hyperkalemia

Question 12

Where does aldosterone work?

Answer 12

Distal convoluted tubule –> Na/K pumps –> Na reabsorption and K and H secretion

Question 13

Why do you get hyperglycemic in stress situations?

Answer 13

ACTH secreted by anterior pituitary –> stimulates release of glucocorticoids –> inhibits glucose use in peripheral tissues

Question 14

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 14

Hypertension - fluid retention
Hypokalemia

can be primary vs secondary

Question 15

Hypoaldosteronism

Answer 15

• Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
• hypotension/hypovolemia
• metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Primary hypoaldosteronism

Answer 16

usually because of adrenal destruction/atrophy

Question 17

Secondary hypoaldosteronism

Answer 17

usually from malfunction of HPA axis from iatrogenic administration

Question 18

Cushing syndrome

Answer 18

TOO MUCH cortisol/glucocorticoids
- hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis w/ volume overload

*all the connective tissue stuff and extra weight