Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology- Renal > Renal 8 Hormonal Regulation of Body Salts > Flashcards

Renal 8 Hormonal Regulation of Body Salts Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 ions are the major determinants of ECF osmolality ?

A

Na+, Cl- , HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major determinant of ECF volume?

A

ECF osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to osmolality and ECF when you increase Na+?

A

^ Na&raquo_space; ^ osmolality&raquo_space; ^ water reabsorb.&raquo_space; v osmolality and ^ ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to osmolality and ECF when you decrease Na+?

A

v Na&raquo_space; v osmolality&raquo_space; v water reabsorb.&raquo_space; ^ osmolality and v ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does positive Na balance mean for intake and excretion and ECF?

A

Na intake > Na excretion, ECF increases, increasing body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does negative Na balance mean for intake and excretion and ECF?

A

Na intake < excretion, ECF decreases, decreasing body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normally, how do the kidneys keep ECF volume constant?

A

adjusting excretion of Na and Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is effective circulating volume? (ECV)

A

ECV reflects the portion of ECF volume within the vascular system that is effectively perfusing the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do changers in ECF affect arterial pressure and cartiac output

A

They are sensed as changes in ECV and change directly.

so v ECF means lower AP and CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When ECF is increased, what happens to arterial pressure and cardiac output?

A

Both increase as it is sensed as increased ECV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When ECF is decreased, what happens to arterial pressure and cardiac output?

A

Both decrease as it is sensed as decreased ECV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does pulmonary vasculature engorgement lead to water diuresis?

A

engorgement => v sympathetic and v ADH => water diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are the cardiac atrial stretch sensors for low or high pressure?

A

Low pressures (Venous side of circulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What gets released with cardiac atrial stretch and what does it cause?

A

ANP and natriuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are the aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors for low or high pressure?

A

High pressures (arterial side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when the aortic arch and carotid sinus baroreceptors are stimulated?

A

decrease s ympathetics and decrease ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does very slow tubular flow cause?

A

stimulation of JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus) -> ^ renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the hepatic sensors

A

^ liver pressure receptors => v sympathetics and ^ Na+ secretion

^portal vein Na+ sensors => v sympathetics and ^ Na+ excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to Na excretion when there is higher [Na+] in the CSF?

A

decreased sympathetics and higher Na excretion

20
Q

Does the RAA system promote salt retention or excretion?

A

Promotes salt retention

21
Q

Does ANP promote salt retention or excretion?

A

Excretion

22
Q

How does the negative feedback system eventually activate renin to increase ECV after an initial decrease?

A

v ECV => v AP and ^ sympathetics => v renal perfusion => v fluid delivery to macula densa => ^ renin

23
Q

What does renin do by itself?

A

convert angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I

24
Q

What does ACE do?

A

converts angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

25
Q

What do angiotensinases do?

A

convert AT-II to AT-III

26
Q

What does AT-II do?

A

stimulates ADH release from post. pituitary and thirst

stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex under influence of ACTh (WITH AT-III)

27
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

circulates to the kidney where it binds to intracellular receptors signaling the production of new Na/K ATPase pumps in the DT and CD

28
Q

What happens to sodium when Na/K pump activity increases?

A

Na+ reabsorption increases

29
Q

What happens to potassium when Na/K pump activity increases?

A

Potassium secretion and excretion both increase

30
Q

What is required for Na+ reabsorption to also promote water reabsorption?

A

Presence of ADH

31
Q

What is the source of atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

syntheized and released in cardiac atria by myocytes

32
Q

What is urodilatin?

A

natriuretic peptide produced endogenously in kidney

33
Q

What promotes ANP release?

A

^ ECF volume
^ arterial pressure causing ^ left atrial pressure
^ venous pressure causing ^ R atrial pressure

34
Q

What are the effects of increased ANP

A

decrease sympathetic:
=>v ADH =>water diuresis
=>^GFR => ^tubular load Na+ => ^ Na+ Excretion

v aldosterone => v Na+ reabsorption
v renin => v AT-II => v aldosterone => v Na+ reabsorption

35
Q

What is euvolemia?

A

net 0 Na balance when excretion matches intake

36
Q

During euvolemia, how much of the filtered Na+ load is reabsorbed?

A

99% (67% in PT, 25% in thick ascending limb, rest in DT and CD for fine control)

37
Q

During euvolemia, which parts are under coarse control and which are under fine control for Na+ balance

A

PT and TAL are coarse control.

DT and CCD are fine control.

38
Q

What is the mechanism for adjusting Na+ reabsorption to GFR fluctuations in PT?

A

Na+ reabsorbed load proportioned to Na+ filtered load (GT Balance)

39
Q

What is the mechanism for adjusting Na+ reabsorption to GFR fluctuations in TAL (Thick ascending limb of Henle)?

A

Na+ reabsorption rate proportioned to Na+ delivery rate

40
Q

What is the mechanism for adjusting Na+ reabsorption to GFR fluctuations in DT, CCD, IMCD?

A

Na+ reabsorption rate simulated by increased Na+ load

41
Q

What are the 3 integrated responses of the nephron to increased ECV(Effective Circulating Volume)?

A

Increased GFR
decreased Na+ reabsorption in PT
decreased Na+ reabsorption in CD

42
Q

What are the 3 integrated responses of the nephron to decreased ECV(Effective Circulating Volume)?

A

decreased GFR
increased Na+ reabsorption in PT
increased Na+ reabsorption in CD

43
Q

What happens to ECV and plasma volume when fluid is lost to the interstitium?

A

v ECV and v plasma volume with no change in body weight

pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, ascites, pitting edema of ankles

44
Q

How does increased venous pressure eventually lead to NaCl reabsorption?

A

^ venous pressure => ^ capillary hydrostatic pressure => ^ fluid movement into interstitium => v plasma volume => v ECV detected by baroreceptors => ^ symp. activity => ^ reabsorption of NaCl and H2O

If too much then this can repeat over until fluid into intertitium is extreme, causing edema

45
Q

What is the starling force equation?

A

flow = Kf * (Pc-Pi-pic + pii)

46
Q

What two components of starling forces are the most common causes of generalized edema?

A

increased capillary hydrostatic force

decreased capillary oncotic force

Physiology- Renal (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions