Renal

Question 1

Causes of CKD

Answer 1

HTN
DM
PKD
Autoimmune- vasculitis, GN, amyloidosis
Alport's syndrome

Question 2

Stages of CKD

Answer 2

eGFR:

1. > 90
2. 89-60
3. 59-30
4. 29-15
5. <15

Question 3

Complications of CKD

Answer 3

Renal Bone Disease -
No VitD activation -> poor Ca absorption, high PO4 -> PTH released -> oseteoclast stimulation to increase blood Ca

Anaemia - EPO

Acidosis - hyperK

Oedema - fluid retention

Uraemia sx - itching, N,V,A, restless, bone pain, weakness

Question 4

Management of CKD

Answer 4

Anaemia: fe and epo 
Acidosis: an bicarbonate
Oedema: furo 
Bone: vitD, Ca, bisphosphonates
Leg cramps - clonazepan, gabapentin

Manage RFs:
HTN
DM
Diet
CVS - station, aspirin

Prepare for RRT