Renal Flashcards
Pre-renal and post-renal diseases can cause renal changes.
T/F?
True
oseodystrophy associated with renal diseases
jaw - rubber jaw
flat bones
soft tissue calcification metastatic v. dystrophic
meta - inc. calcium -> deposits
dystrophic - damage -> calcification
how to know if ulceration is chronic or acute?
redness - active hemorrhage
chronic - raised rounded edge (trying to epithelialize)
mineralization of aorta/endocardium
- uremia
- dystrophic
- metastatic (hyper PTism, granulomatous, lymphoma)
nodular, small, pale kidneys (fatty looking) differentials
- fibrosis (think anything small and pale)
fibrosis
small and pale
uremic pneumonitis
affects alveoli (not full pneumonia) mineralization
small kidney
big kidney
not there
hypoplasia
renomegally (hyperplasia)
aplasia
pale streaks in renal medula
fibrosis
mineralization
inflammation (nephritis)
progressive juvenile nephropathy
progressive renal fibrosis in young dogs, hereditary
polycystic kidney disease, pathogenesis?
related to PKD1 gene
Polycystic kidneys vs. renal cyst
widespread numerous - poly
a couple cysts - incidental in cats
Multifocal hemorrhages of cortex kidney
pathogenesis?
- septic emboli
- DIC
- congenital disorder
- toxins causes vasculitis (herpes virus)
trauma (unlikely to be multifocal)
Mitral valve endocarditis ->
friable mass in heart -> kidney consequences
bacterial emboli
->glomerulonephritis
Also some infarcts
typical infarct
dark red triangle
acute - red (unless ischemic)
chronic - pale, raised, edges CONTRACTED in (cavitated)
acute hemorrhagic vs. acute ischemic infarct
red vs.
pale with red line around it
how long does fibrosis take
2 weeks (10-14days)
part of kidney is pale/enlarged
& part is normal red
fluid accumulation (tubule blockage) edema
renal cortical necrosis
bilateral
g neg septicemia/endotoxemia
severe hypovolemia /renal shutown
renal papillary necrosis
= medullary crest necrosis - ischemic lesion
- medullary amylloidosis
- pyelitis
- renal calculi
- obstructive pressure
- NSAIDs
tubular necrosis
- Ischemic - basement membrane destroyed - SCARRING -> fibrosis
- toxic - may leave BM intact - may heal
signs of tubular necrosis
uremic, oliguric, anuric renal failure
tubular necrosis lesions
acute
- swollen, pale
pale swollen kidney
tubular necrosis
glomerular nephritis
hydronephrosis
toxins
streaking in cortex
inflammation
mineralization
hemoglobinuric nephrosis mechanism?
looks like?
intravasular necrosis
whole kidney is black
glomerular damage leads to what?
proteinuria
- basement membrane damaged
immune complex glomerular nephritis
net result?
chronic infections/antigen
basement membrane compromised!
little red dots multifocal/miliary on cortex surface
vs. larger raised tan
acute glomerular nephritis (swollen smooth pale)
vs. chronic (shrunken granular thin)
what is a cyst?
tubule got blocked, got bigger
put iodine on kidney
to see glomeruli
for renal amyloidosis
renal amyloidosis also causes
PLN
papillary necrosis due to ischemia
uremia
tubular atrophy
hematogenous changes
vs. ascending infection
random multifocal
radial changes
multifocal nodules differentials
- neoplasia
- nephritis (granulomatous, fungal, FIP)
pyelonephritis
exudate!
can lead to necrosis/radial streaks
hydronephrosis
dilated pelvis, medulla gone
primary renal neoplasia
SINGLE nodules
vs. metastatic can be multiple nodules
types of cystitis
- polypoid cystitis - calculi, chronic trauma
- follicular - bacterial infection
- empysemitous cystitis - diabetes
