Renal

Question 1

Substance used to measure GFR

Answer 1

Inulin - freely filtered, neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Creatinine - approximate measure. Slightly OVEResteimates GFR because moderatly secreted by renal tubules.

Question 2

Nephritic Syndrom

Answer 2

Inflammatory. If involves glomeruli, leads to hematuria and RBC casts. Assoc with oliguira, hypertension, proteinuria

Question 3

NephROtic Syndrome

Answer 3

Massive Proteinuria. Hypoalbuminemia, frothy urine and fatty casts. Podocyte damage, disrupting glom filtration charge barrier.

Question 4

Minimal changes disease

Answer 4

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. Can be triggered by infection, immunization.

Question 5

Membranous nephropathy

Answer 5

GBM thickening, spikes and domes with subepithelial deposits , most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in caucasian adults.

Question 6

Acute pyelonephritis

Answer 6

Neutrophils infiltrate renal interstitum. Affects cortex. Sudden onset, pain at costo-vertebral angle (flank pain) , fever, nausea/vomiting, chills. Can be caused by ascending UTI.