Pulmonary

Question 1

Pneumothorax

Answer 1

Intrapleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure instead of negative. Thus lungs revert to their natural tendency to collapse, and chest to its natural tendency to spring outwards

Question 2

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 2

CAn occur in premature infants becuase of lack of surfactant (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, produced by type II alveolar cells, lecithin: sphingomyelin 2:1). INfant exhibits atelectasis, difficulty reinflating lungs, and hypoxemia (decreased V/Q)

Question 3

Embryonic stage at which respiration is possible

Answer 3

End of canalicular - week 25. Surfactant synthesis being around week 26

Question 4

Type II alveolar cells

Answer 4

Secrete surfactant. 3% of alveolar cells.

Cuboidal, precursors to type I and II cells. Proliferat during lung damage

Question 5

Structures perforating diaphragm at T8 T10 T12

Answer 5

T8: IVC
T10: Esophagus, Vagus
T12: Aorta, thoracic duct

Question 6

Methemoglobinemia

Answer 6

Oxidized form of Hb (ferric, FE3+), does not bind O2 as readily and has high affinity for CN. Can be treated with methylene blue and vitamin C.