Renal

Question 1

What is the equation for plasma osmolality?

Answer 1

2Na + Glu/18 + BUN/2.8 = plasma osmolality

Question 2

What is the equation for FEna?

Answer 2

(Pcr x Una) / (Pna x Ucr)

Question 3

What does ADAMTS13 do?

Answer 3

Cleaves vWF. Anti-clotting agent. Absence of this can lead to TTP.

Question 4

What things shift K out of cells?

Answer 4

Digitalis
Osmolarity increase
Insulin
Lysis of cells
Acidosis
B-adrenergic antagonists (increase Na/K ATPase)

Question 5

What are the most important steps in hyperK management?

Answer 5

1. Stabilize heart w/ calcium gluconate
2. Send K into cells: insulin + glucose, B2 Agonists, NaCO3
3. Loop diuretics, cation resins, or hemodialysis

Question 6

What are the symptoms associated w/ cryoglobulinemia?

Answer 6

palpable purpura
glomerulonephritis
arthralgias
hepatosplenomegaly

Question 7

What is the difference in time frame for AIN vs. renal tubular obstruction.

Answer 7

Both are related to medicine:

AIN: 7-10 days post Rx
Renal Tube Obstruction: 24-48hrs post exposure

Question 8

What are the characteristics of cystinuria?

Answer 8

• family Hx w/ recurrent stones
• hexagonal crystals
• urinary cyanide nitroprusside +

Question 9

What are some drugs that commonly cause DI?

Answer 9

• Lithium: treats bipolar
• Demeclocycline: treats acne
• Foscarnet: CMV (fast car net) and herpes
• Cidofovir: eye infxns in CMV
• Amphotericin: fungal infxns