Renal

Question 1

Intrinsic renal causes of AKI

Answer 1

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Glomerulonephritis

Tubular injury - acute necrosis by ischaemia or nephrotoxins

Acute interstitial nephritis by vascular disease, NSAIDs or infections

Question 2

Most common cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 2

Post diarrhoea - e.coli 0157 or shigella

Question 3

Presentation of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 3

Bloody diarrhoea (e.coli)

AKI

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

Question 4

Effect of chronic kidney disease on kidneys excretory function

Answer 4

Slow rise creatinine

Increased urea

Salt wasting –> FTT

Hyperkalaemia

Acidosis - bicarbonate wasting

Polyuria

Question 5

How does chronic kidney disease affect endocrine function

Answer 5

Hypertension - RAAS dysfunction

Hyperphosphataemia - secondary hypoparathyroidism

Question 6

Pre-renal causes of AKI

Answer 6

Pre-renal -
hypovolaemic, hypotension,
Renal hypoperfusion (ACEi, ARB, NSAIDs)
Oedematous states - HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome