Renal Flashcards
Mannitol- Site
All but esp. Loop of Henle
When should acetazolamide be used?
Glaucoma
What two drugs are approved for glaucoma
Mannitol and acetazolamide
What drug class works on the distal tubule (name an example)
thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide)
What drug is best for primary hyperaldosteronism or liver cirrhosis?
Spirinolactone - aldosterone antagonist
Mannitol- type
osmotic diuretic
When should spirinolactone be used?
primary hyperaldosteronism or liver cirrhosis
What drug should be used for glaucoma
Acetazolamide
What drug is best in renal insufficiency
Furosemide because it is effective at low glomerular filtration rates
Why is acetazolamide a bad diuretic
Acts on proximal tubule so distal tubules will compensate
What two drugs increase K
Spirinolactone (AA) and Triamterene (distal)
What drug may increase Ca
Distal diuretics- triamterine
What drug class works on the proximal tubule (name an example)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (think CAI-P) - acetazolamide
What effect do loop diurectics have on Ca, K and Mg
Increased excretion (be careful if not urinating)
What are the non-tubular effects of furosemide
Renal vasodilation, increased renin secretion, increase venous capacitance
What caution must be observed in spirinolactone
Diminished K loss
Where does furosemide work
Thick ascending LoH
What drug should be used in cases of increased intracranial pressure
mannitol
Will hydrochlorothiazide be helpful in renal insufficiency?
N- not effective at low glomerular filtration rates
What drugs cannot be given orally
Mannitol
What is a side effect of chronic use of loop diuretics
Decreased K
When should hydrochlorothiazone be used?
combo in refractory heart failure with furosemide
What drug class works on all segments but mostly the loop of henle (name an example)
Osmotic diuretics- mannitol
Where do thiazide diuretics work
distal tubule (think HT-Z comes after A-Z)
Where do K-sparing diuretics work
Collecting duct
What drugs are a poor diuretic
Spirinolactone, acetazolamide
What drugs should NOT be used in CHF
Spirinolactone and mannitol
When should furosemide be used?
CHF, combo in refractory heart failure with hydrochlorothiazone
What drug class works on the distal tubule and collecting ducts(name an example)
Aldosterone antagonists- spironolactone
What combination of drugs should be used in refractory heart failure
hydrochlorothiazide with a loop diuretic like furosemide
What type of diurectic is furosemide
Loop diuretic
Mannitol- contraindications
congestive heart failure because increases plasma water content,
What three conditions are best for mannitol
Renal, cerebral edema, glaucoma
What kind of drug is spirinolactone
Aldosterone antagonist
What drugs are not given IV
spirinolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
What is the diuretic that is the strongest
Loop diuretic
What diuretic is best for CHF pulmonary edema?
Furosemide
