Renal

Question 1

Compensation

Metab alkalosis

Answer 1

Change in bicarb x 0.7 + 40

Question 2

Compensation

Acute resp acidosis

Answer 2

For every 10 inc in CO2, bicarb dec by 1

Question 3

Compensation

Acute resp alkalosis

Answer 3

For every 10 dec in CO2, bicarb inc by 2

Question 4

Compensation

Chronic resp acidosis

Answer 4

For every 10 inc in CO2, bicarb dec by 3.5

Question 5

Compensation

Chronic resp alkalosis

Answer 5

For every 10 dec in CO2, bicarb inc by 5

Question 6

Corrected anion gap for albumin

Answer 6

For every dec in alb by 1, add 2.5 to anion gap

Question 7

Defect in Barter’s syndrome

Answer 7

Ascending loop of Henle

Acts like lasix

Question 8

Defect in Gittelman’s

Answer 8

Decreased transport defect in distal tubules

Acts like thiazide

Question 9

Defect in Liddle’s

Answer 9

Increased transport defect in distal tubules

Question 10

Re RTAs

Answer 10

RTA type 2 and 1;
Will have stones and hypokalemia

RTA type 4:
Hyperkalemia
Ph 5.5

Question 11

Compensation

Metab acidosis

Answer 11

1.5 x Bicarb + 8

Question 12

Urine gap

Answer 12

Na+k - Cl

Positive in RTA and renal dse
negative in diarrhea and GI

Question 13

Hypernatremia

Answer 13

Think diabetes insipidus

Central- if it corrects w/ ddavp
Nephrogenic- if no change in water deprivation or ddavp

Question 14

Normal values
Urina Na
urine osm

Answer 14

Urine na: 20-40

Urine osm: 600

Question 15

Tx of central diabetes insipidus

Answer 15

Demeclocycline, tolvaptan

Conivaptan if acute

Question 16

Hyponatremia causes (isovolemic)

Answer 16

SIADH vs psychogenic

Siadh: urina na and osm is inc
Psychogenic: urine na and osm is dec

Question 17

Ua with blood but no rbcs

Answer 17

Rhabdo
PNH
High vit c intake
Contamination w/ povidone iodine

Question 18

What has been shown to preserve renal fxn in APKD

Answer 18

Tolvaptan

Question 19

Nephrotic histopath presentations

Answer 19

Minimal change
FSG
Membranous
Membranoproliferative

Question 20

Nephritic histopath presentations

Answer 20

Post strep GN
IgA nephropathy
HSP
RPGN

Question 21

RPGN types

Answer 21

1- goodpastures
2- penicillamine
3- wegeners

Question 22

Dse associated w/ minimal change

Answer 22

Lithium
NSAIDs
Hodgkins
Leukemia

Question 23

Dse assoc w/ FSG

Answer 23

Obesity
black
HIV
Heroin
Sickle cell

Question 24

Dse assoc w/ membranoproliferative

Answer 24

Sle
Sbe
Cryoglobulinemia
Hep B,C

Question 25

IM in Minimal change

Answer 25

Normal

Question 26

IM in FSG

Answer 26

IgM, C3

Question 27

IM in membranous

Answer 27

IgG, C3

Question 28

Tramtrack

Answer 28

Membranoproliferative

Question 29

Wire loop

Answer 29

Membranous

Question 30

Lumpy bumpy granular

Answer 30

Post strep GN

Question 31

Complement in post strep GN

Answer 31

Low c3, Normal c4, CH50

Question 32

Linear igG deposition

Answer 32

Goodpastures

Question 33

Pauci immune RPGN

Answer 33

Wegeners, PAN

Question 34

How to confirm renal manifestations of vasculitis

Answer 34

Renal biopsy