Renal Flashcards
WBC casts on UA
Acute pyelonephritis; acute TI nephritis
RBC casts on UA
Nephritic syndrome
Renal tubular cell cast/ granular cast:
ATN
Fatty cast
Nephrotic syndrome
Waxy cast
CRF
Spokes on a wheel; sponge like kidneys
ARPKD
Subepthelial humps on EM
Post strep GN
Subepithelial deposits with spike and dome appearance
Membranous GN
Estimated creatinine clearance formula
Cockcroft Gault formula
Normal human body fluid osmolality
280-295
Hyponatremia is almost always due to
AVp
Sodium should not be corrected >10mM within the 1st 24 hrs for patients with chronic hyponatremia due to increased risk for
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Electrolyte abnormality in clay ingestion
Hypokalemia (<3.6)
Electrolyte abnormality in thyrotoxicosis or excessive caffeine intake
Hypokalemia due to cellular influx
Electrolye imbalance assoc with magnesium deficiency
Hypokalemia
Most common cause of hyperkalemia
Decreases renal excretion
Bicarbonate is given in severe metabolic acidosis except in
Hypercarbic acidosis
Classic lesion of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Osteotis fibrosarca cystica
Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients
Cardiovascular disease
Anemia is universal in CKD
4
Severe efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction produces what effect
Donnan effect(decrease jn GFR due to increase in glomerular capillary oncotic pressure)
Autoimmune disease where antibodies are directed against a3 NC1 domain of collagen IV
Anti GBM disease
May result from mutations affecting any of the five ion transport proteins in TAL
Bartter’s syndrome
Bartter’s syndrome mimics what drug
Loop diuretics
Due to mutations in the thiazide sensitiv Na Cl contransporter, NCCT in DCT
Gitetlman’s syndrome
Gitetlman’s syndrome mimics what drug
Thiazide diuretics
Mimics a state of aldosteroe EXCESS by the presence of early and severe hypertension, but plasma aldosterone and renin levels are low
Liddle’s syndrome
Triad of lead nephropathy
Saturnine gout, hypertension, renal insufficiency
ONION skinning; can be accompanied by glomerular collapse and hematuria
Scleroderma Renal crisis- most severe manifestation
Most common protein in urine and produced in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle
Uromodulin/Tamm Horsfall protein
Hallmark of AKI
Azotemja
Indication for therapy with ACE or ARBs;
protein excretion >300
Thyroidization of the kideny occurs in what diseaae
Chronic GN, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis
Most common cause of GN throughout the world
Malaria and schistosomiasis
Wire Loop apperance
Lupus nephritis
Key finding in Neprhritic syndrome
RBC cast
Most common form of GN worldwide
IgA nephropwthy
More common in granulomatosis with polyangitis
Wegener’s
More common in microscopic polyangitis or Churg strauss
Anti MPO Ab
1st line therapy for minimal change disease
Prednisone
Lesion in HIV associated nephropathy
Focal segmental GN
Schistosoma species most commonly associated with clinical renal disease
Mansonj
Lumpy bumby deposits of IgG and C3, subepitelial humps on electron microscopy
PSGN
Most common adult cause of nephrotic syndrome
Membranous GN
Spike and dome appearance
MGN
Most common cause of death in CKD patiets
CAD/mi
Complication of UTI in diabetic patients
Renal papillary necrosis
Mc cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Membranous (why? It has many members)
RTA type: inability to secrete H in DCT
I
RTA type: Inability to reabsorb HCO3 in PCT
II
RTA type: decreased aldosterone
IV
Most sensitive test for SLE
Ana
Number of criteria required for SLE
4/11
Most common/severe form of lupus nephritis
Diffuse proliferatuve( why? Diffuse na, nag proliferate pa)
