Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PJs Cards > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

(114 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How to Control BP & Prevent Kidney Dx

A
  1. Limit sodium
  2. Eat balanced diet: fruits, veggies, grains & low fat
  3. Limit sugar
  4. Limit red meat
  5. Weight management
  6. Stay active
  7. Limit alcohol
  8. Medication, lithium, HCTZ, spirolactone
  9. Licorice
  10. Corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary Function of beans

A

Acid base balance, secretion, absorption, filtration and excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35 -7.45
Acidosis to alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are they 3 regulatory mechanisms

A

Buffers, respiratory, renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do buffers start working ?

A

Immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the respiratory center located?

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does it take respiratory system to work?

A

Mins to hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long does it take renal system to work

A

2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 (renal) mechanisms for acid elimination

A
  1. Secrete free hydrogen
  2. Combine hydrogen with ammonia
  3. Excretion of weak acid
    *can make bicarb and eliminate hydrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ABG Values

A

pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCo3 22-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NI for Respiratory Acidosis

A
  1. Watch K+ Levels
  2. May need intubated
  3. Administer O2
  4. Wake pt.
  5. Incentive spirometry
  6. W/hold drugs that suppress breathing
  7. Assess LOC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is carbonic acid excess caused by

A

Hyperventilating & respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S/S for Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  1. Confusion
  2. Fatigue
  3. Tenty
  4. Tachycardia
    Lo Ca+ & K+
  5. Slow deep breaths
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis

A

Carbonic acid deficit caused by hypoxia from acute pulmonary disorders & hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Pain
  3. CNS
  4. Aspirin toxicity
  5. Fever
  6. Head injury
  7. Asthma
  8. Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is metabolic acidosis

A

Excess carbonic acid or base bicarbonate deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes metabolic Acidosis

A

Ketoacidosis
Lactic acid accumulation (shock)
Severe diarrhea (bicarb in stool)
Kidney Dx (lose ability to reabsorb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal Anion Gap

A

8-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TX for metabolic Acidosis

A

Strick i&o
Diet
Dialysis
**monitor levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S/S of metabolic Acidosis

A

Deep rapid breathing
Confusion
Low BP
N/V
Hyper k+
Cardiac changes
**resp alkalosis can happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis

A

Base bicarbonate excess caused by prolonged vomiting or gastric suction
**loss of acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What diuretic do you use for metabolic alkalosis

A

Loop thiazide or Lasix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much blood do thr kidneys filter

A

1200 MLs per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Glomerular Function
Urine formation & filtration
25
What is normal GFR
125 mL/min
26
What does urine consist of
What the body doesn't need
26
How much do normal healthy adults void ?
1-2 L/day
27
ADH
Important in water balance & regulated by posterior pituitary gland
28
Aldosterone
Reabsorption of sodium and water & released from adernal cortex
29
Other functions of the kidney:
RBC production & BP regulation
30
EPO
Erthyropoientin ** hormone in response to hypoxemia
31
How does the kidneys regulate BP
Renin is secreted, renin activated angiotensinogen yo angiotensis , angie 1 is converted to angie 2 by ACE , angie 2 stimulates released of aldosterone which reabsorption sodium and water
32
Ureters
Join the renal pelvis @ uretropelvic junction (UPJ) & join bladder @ ureterovesical junction
33
How much does bladder hold
600 - 1000 mL
34
Bladders primary function
Reservoir
35
What type of muscle Is the destrusor muscle
Smooth
36
How long is urethra
Female 1-2 Male 8-10 **controls voiding
37
What forms the urethrovesical unit
Bladder, urethra & pelvic floor muscles
38
Age related bladder changes
Between 30&90 size decreases 20-30% & by 70 loss of 30-50% of glomerular function, loss of elasticity & muscle support & prostate enlargement
39
How to assess for renal issues
I&Os **most important, skin color, look at belly, look at mouth, smell breath, edema, bladder distention, contour of abdomen, Weight gain, muscle wasting, percussion, bowel sounds
40
Creatinine Level
O.6-1.2 mg/dL **showing pts hydration status
41
42
Creatinine Clearance
Fe: 85-125 Ma: 95-140
43
44
BUN
6-20mg/mL *shows if pt is dehydrated
45
Azotemia
Abnormally high nitrogen waste products
46
Why do you need to strain urine?
To get stone analysis
47
Pro Op Cystoscopic Exam
NPO, consent, provide examples of risk, preoperative lab work, CBC w/ coag, use caution w/ contrast if pt. Has renal failure
48
Pre-Renal
From artery before bean
49
Post Op NIs
VS 15×4 30X2 THEN Q1HR I&O IV SITE MONITOR ARTERY PRESSURE BLEEDING Distal pulses Inspect posterior of site May be on bed rest Watch for retroperineal hematoma
50
Cystoscopic Exam:
Out pt or in pt. Into utertha with numbing solution Looks for infection in bladder May take biopsies
51
What may pee look like after cystoscopic exam:
Pink tinged urine
51
Is frank res blood ok after cystoscopic exam
No!
52
What instructions will the nurse provide to a pt. About a cystometrographt?
Water will be instilled into thr bladder through a catheter to assess bladder tone
53
True or false: Most acute AKI Is reversible?
True
54
Causes of pre-renal AKI
Severe dehydration, heart failure
55
Is AKI rapid or slow onset
Rapid
56
Characteristic of AKI
Progression & evaluation in BUN & creatinine
57
Decreases GFR
Causes Oliguria
58
PreRenal =
Pressure, volume, perfusion problems
59
At risk pts
N/V/D Burn pts
60
Causes for Intrarenal AKI
Prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxin,antibiotics, chemo drugs, contrast dyes, NSAIDs, car wreck, injury
61
ATN
Acute tubular necrosis
62
What causes ATN
Ischemia, nephrotoxins or sepsis **severe Ischemia causes disruption in basement membrane
63
Is ATN reversible?
Yes, if basement membrane isn't destroyed
64
Risk for intrarenal injury?
Major surgery, general anesthesia, shock, sepsis, toxic meds, blood transfusion, HTN
65
AKI Postrenal causes:
Mechanical obstruction of outflow: BPH Prostate cancer Renal stones Trauma Extra renal tumors Bilateral ureteral obstruction Urine refluxes
66
1st Stage of AKI
Fluid Overload Stage (oliguric phase)
66
How much urine output with 1st stage oliguric phase
Less than 400mL/day
67
How long does it last?
10-14 days
68
How much urine output does a normal healthy adult have ?
2000mL/day output
69
Causes of metabolic Acidosis
Renal failure. Aspirin toxicity, diarrhea. Kidney injury or Dx, DKA
70
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Prolonged Vomiting. Chronic baking soda use, diuretic therphy, massive TRANSFUSIOns, GI suctioning
71
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory failure, sedative or opioid overdose, atelectasis, brain injury ** decreased rr
72
Respiratory alkalosis
Over mechanical ventilation, anxiety, fear, pain, hyperventilating **increase rr
73
How to treat pulmonary edema
Admin 02. Cough and deep breath, semi sitting, hi flowers
74
What is the most important factor of stone formation
Urine pH
75
What causes acute poststreptococal glomerular nephritis
Antigen antibody complex
76
What would lead to renal calci
Urine statist with urinary tract Obstruction
77
How does hydronephrosis occur?
Due to dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to blockage
78
How to minimize bleeding and discomfort after shock wave lipotrispy
Cold compress
79
What is the most common cause of acute glomerular nephritis
Presence or systemic infection resulting in thr formation of antigen antibody complexes
80
How to relax the perineal and promote voiding
Sitz baths
81
What is most important to monitor after lithotripsy
I & O
82
What to do with a pt with priaprism
Treat immediately
83
What would the PSA level be if pt has cancer
More than 4
84
What would suggest intrarenal failure and acute tubular necrosis
Cast and debris in the urinalysis
85
What would suggest renal failure
High specific gravity 1.005-1.030
86
Does uti cause flank pain
No
87
Most life saving action for pulmonary edema
Administering lasix
88
What to report immediately to doctor
10ml in 1 hour of urine
89
Priority for pts getting intravesical chemotherapy
Have pt empty bladder
90
Effective treating to maintain urinary patent after stone ablation therapy
Increase fluids intake to 3000mL/day
91
Only way to analyze stone
Straining urine
92
Priority In kidney stones
Pain
93
Poststreptococcal glomerular nephritis
Immune complex with streptococcus antigen with human antibody
94
Who is at risk for slow healing, increasing infection & urosepsis
Elderly, co mobility of diabetes, confusing and poor nutrition
95
When does a complicated UTi exist
When other co morbities are present
96
How to prevent UTI
Fluid intake about 2000mL without caffeine, alcohol, citrus juice and chocolate drinks
97
APSGN
Most recover completely with supportive treatment
98
AV fistula findings:
Enlarged for easy access of HD
99
Grafts over fistula
Fistula much less likely to clot
100
Indicators of fistula patency
Thrill and bruit
101
Whats allowed on dialysis once nitrogen waste are removed
More protein
102
How to prevent disequilibruim syndrom
Slow infusion rate
103
How to treat abdominal pain abd refried shoulder pain during HD
Slow the rate
104
What should be reported immediately in PD
Cloudy appearing peritoneal effluent it's a sign of peritonitis
105
What suggest hypovolumia after kidney transplant
Decrease In BP
106
Pt with femoral vein catheter on bed rest
Doesn't need continuous pulse ox
107
What is not a common occurqncr in peritonitis with PD
Crystal is the output
108
True or false
A pt should full understand lifestyle changes with dialysis before start ? TRUE
109
Renal failure due to inadequate blood flow
Prerenal
110

PJs Cards (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions