Renal Flashcards

Question

What is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

Any condition that seriously damaged the glomerular membrane and results in increased permeability to plasma proteins

Answer 2

Results in hypoalbuminemia and edema

Answer 3

Drug and dietary therapy Education

Answer 4

Genetic disorder- most common inherited cause of kidney failure May have cysts in other organs No cure, supportive treatment

Answer 5

Rare but has increased in the past two decades Tobacco use significant risk factor Higher incidence in men with increased BMI and african americans May be asymptomatic with only painless hematuria with dull back pain

Answer 6

Results when the kidneys cannot remove wastes or perform regulatory fx Systemic disorder that results from many different causes

Answer 7

Fluid status Nutritional status Patient knowledge Activity tolerance Self-esteem Potential complications

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia Pericarditis Pericardial effusion Pericardial tamponade Hypertension Hypertension Anemia Bone dz

Answer 9

Anemia or low RBC, which can cause fatigue and weakness Extra fluid in the body, which can cause high BP, swelling in the legs, or SOB A weakened immune system, which make it easier to develop infections Loss of appetite or nausea Decreased sexual response Confusion, problems with memory and thinking, or depression Low calcium levels and high phosphorus levels in the blood, which can cause bone dz and heart dz High potassium levels in the blood, which can cause an irregular or abnormal heartbeat and lead to death

Answer 10

Maintaining IBW without excess fluid Maintenance of adequate nutritional intake Increased knowledge Participation of activity within tolerance Improved self-esteem Absence of complications

Answer 11

Fluid status Nutritional status; weight changes, laboratory data Nutritional patterns: hx, preferences Provide food preferences within restrictions Encourage high-quality nutritional foods while maintaining nutritional restrictions Stomatitis or anorexia: modify intake related to factors that contribute to alterations Adjust medication times related to meals Assess pt and family responses to illness and treatment Assess relationship and coping patterns Encourage open discussion about changes and concerns Explore alternate ways of sexual expression Discuss role of giving and receiving love, warmth, and affection

Answer 12

Assess for s/s of fluid vol excess, keep accurate I&O, and daily weights Limit flui to prescribed amounts Identify sources of fluid Explain to pt and family the rationale for fluid restrictions Assist pt to cope with the fluid restrictions Provide or encourage frequent oral hygiene

Answer 13

Keep your blood pressure below 130/80 If you have diabetes, stay in your target blood sugar range as much as possible Get active- physical activity helps control BP and blood sugar levels Lose weight if you're overweight Get tested for CKD regularly if you're at risk If you have CKD, meet with a dietician to create a kidney-healthy eating plan Take medications as instructed If you smoke, quit

Answer 14

Used when patient is acutely ill until kidneys resume fx and for long-term replacement therapy in CKD and ESKD

Answer 15

Extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the blood and to remove excess fluid

Answer 16

Arteriovenous fistula Arteriovenous graft

Answer 17

Remove toxic substances and metabolic wastes and to reestablish normal fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 18

Peritonitis, leakage, bleeding

Answer 19

Protect vascular access: assess site for patency, signs of potential infection, do not use for BP or blood draws Carefully monitor fluid balance, IV therapy, accurate I&O, IV administration pump s/s of uremia and electrolyte imbalance, regularly check lab data Monitor cardiac/respiratory status carefully Cardiovascular medications must be held prior to dialysis

Answer 20

Monitor all medications and medication dosages carefully Address pain and discomfort Stringent infection control measures Dietary considerations: sodium, potassium, protein, fluid, individual nutritional needs Skin care: pruritis, keep skin clean and well moisturized, trim nails, and avoid scratching

Answer 21

Assessment: include all body systems, pain, fluid and electrolyte status, and patency and adequacy of urinary drainage system Complications: bleeding, pneumonia, infection, and DVT

Answer 22

Pain relief measures, analgesic medications Promote airway clearance and effective breathing pattern, turn, cough, deep breathe, incentive spirometry, positioning Monitor UO and maintain potency of urinary drainage systems Use strict asepsis with catheter Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding Encourage leg exercises, early ambulation, and monitoring for signs of DVT

Answer 23

Instruct both patient and family Drainage system care Strategies to prevent complications Signs and symptoms Follow-up care Fluid intake Health promotion and health screening