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Genitourinary > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

100% glucose reabsorption occurs in

A

PCT

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2
Q

Secondary active transport for glucose seen only in PCT of kidney is

A

SGLT-2

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3
Q

SGLT-2 blockers

A

Glifosins -Cana-,Papa- & Empaglifosin

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4
Q

Renal threshold for glucose reabsorption

A

200mg/dl

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5
Q

Channel present in descending LOH

A

Aquaporin-1

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6
Q

Concentrating segment of the nephron

A

Descending LOH, only permeable to water, impermeable to sodium

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7
Q

Channels in ascending LOH

A

Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter

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8
Q

Bartin

A

2°active transport through Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in ascending LOH

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9
Q

Diluting segment of nephron

A

Ascending LOH; impermeable to water, permeable to sodium

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10
Q

Drugs and syndromes associated with Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter

A
  1. Loop diuretics

2. Barter’s syndrome

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11
Q

Channels present in DCT

A 
Apical end (near lumen) - 1. Na+Cl- cotransporter; 2. TRPV-5
Basolateral (blood vessel) end- ¹1. Na+Ca2+ Exchanger
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12
Q

Na+Cl- cotransporter - function, drugs, syndrome

A

Transports Na+ & Cl- from urine to cell.
Thiazide diuretics - blocks it
Mutation - GITELMAN’s Syndrome.

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13
Q

TRPV-5 - function & regulation

A

Transient Receptor potential Vanilloid channel - 5
Reabsorption into cell
Regulated by PTH & vitamin D

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14
Q

Direct renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

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15
Q

JG Apparatus

A
  1. JG cells - on the wall of afferent arterioles
  2. Macula Densa - in thick ascending LOH.
  3. Extraglomerular Mesenchymal Cells - supporting cells in kidney
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16
Q

Tubulo-Glomerular feedback

A

High GFR -> High NaCl sensed by Macula Densa-> ADENOSINE released -> constriction of afferent arteriole -> GFR falls

17
Q

Most important sensor of GFR

A

MACULA DENSA

18
Q

Stimulus for RAAS

A

Hypotension, Hyponatremia

19
Q

Most important function of RAAS

A

Increased BP and Na+ in body

20
Q

Lacis cells or Polkissen Cells

A

Extra glomerular Mesangial Cells

21
Q

Cells In cortical collecting ducts and functions

A

P - cells (principal) - Na+& water reabsorption and K+ excretion
I - cells (intercalated) - Acid Base balance

22
Q

Channels In P- cells of CDuct.

A

ROMK+ Channels (renal outer membrane)

ENaC (epithelial Na+ channels)

23
Q

Parasympathetic supply to bladder

A

S2,S3,S4 - Facilitates micturition

24
Q

Somatic supply to bladder and nucleus involved, function

A 
Pudendal Nerve (S2,S3,S4) -> Onuf's Nucleus
Function- contraction of external sphincter (withhold micturition); Voluntary control.
25
Q

Sympathetic supply to bladder & function

A

L1,L2,L3
Prevent retrograde ejaculation
Carry painful stimuli from bladder

26
Q

Out of the international of bladder (parasympathetic, sympathetic, somatic) which has the least role in micturition?

A

Sympathetic supply

27
Q

1st urge to void urine

A

150ml intravesical volume

28
Q

Marked sense of fullness

A

@400ml of intravesical volume

29
Q

P cells & I cells are part of…

A

Principle (P - cells) and Intercalated (I- cells) are part of DCT and CD.

30
Q

Functions of P&I cells

A

P cells - hormone mediated reabsorption of salt and water, and excretion of K+
I cells - acid - base balance by H+ excretion & HCO³- reabsorption (I-a cells) durinc ACIDOSIS & HCO³- secretion & H+ reabsorption (I-b cells) during ALKALOSIS

31
Q

I-a & I-b cells are interchangeable d/t

A

HENSIN - protein

32
Q

Normal GFR

A

125ml/min

33
Q

Normal GFR

A

125ml/min

34
Q

Filtration barrier

A
  1. Endothelium of capillaries.
  2. Basement Membrane 3layered
    2a- Lamina Densa - Type4 collagen
    2b- Lamina Rara interna - heparan sulfate [-ve charge] (GAGs)
    2c- Lamina Rara external- heparan sulfate
  3. Epithelial layer of PODOCYTES
35
Q

Optimal size range for glomerular filtration of neutral substances.

A

(4-8mm)
<4 easily filtered
>8mm not filtered

36
Q

Renal clearance definition and how is it measured

A
  1. Volume of plasma cleared of a substance in unit time

2. Inulin is used to measure it, since it’s cleared from plasma unabsorbed, unchanged and not secreted.

Genitourinary (2 decks)

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