Renal

Question 1

What is the primary function of the renal system?

Answer 1

Blood filtration

Question 2

What are the functional units of the nephron?

Answer 2

Renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

Question 3

How much blood gets filtered in bowman’s space?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

Blood is filtered through which set of capillaries?

Answer 4

Glomerular capillaries

Question 5

What are the parts of the renal tubule?

Answer 5

Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, loop of henle, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, cortical collecting duct and medullary collecting duct

Question 6

Which nephrons go deep into the kidney medulla?

Answer 6

Juxtamedullary

Question 7

What nephrons don’t have a loop of henle?

Answer 7

Cortical nephrons

Question 8

Humans have mostly cortical or juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 8

Cortical

Question 9

The salty inner portion of the kidney is referred to as what?

Answer 9

The medulla

Question 10

The structure that wraps around the afferent arteriole is called what?

Answer 10

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 11

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 11

Senses renal blood pressure and secretes renin

Question 12

What is reabsorption?

Answer 12

Flow from tubular fluid to blood

Question 13

What is secretion?

Answer 13

Fluid moving from peritubular capillaries into renal tubule

Question 14

What gets secreted?

Answer 14

Mostly water and glucose

Question 15

Does secretion require a transporter?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Does coffee increase or decrease GFR?

Answer 16

Increase

Question 17

GFR refers to what?

Answer 17

Volume flowing into bowman’s space per unit/time

Question 18

Does the pressure in the glomerular capillaries favor or resist filtration?

Answer 18

Favors

Question 19

Does the hydrostatic pressure in bowman’s space favor or resist filtration?

Answer 19

Resist

Question 20

Is the osmotic force against or towards filtration?

Answer 20

Against

Question 21

What are the three pressures involved in glomerular filtration?

Answer 21

Blood pressure in glomerular capillaries, hydrostatic pressure in bowman’s space, and osmotic force in the plasma

Question 22

The net filtration pressure determines what?

Answer 22

GFR

Question 23

What does the permeability of the corpuscular membrane influence?

Answer 23

GFR

Question 24

Dilating the afferent arterioles and constricting the effect arterioles will do what to GFR?

Answer 24

Increase it

Question 25

Dilating the efferent arterioles and constricting the afferent arterioles does what to the GFR?

Answer 25

Decreases it

Question 26

What is the transport maximum?

Answer 26

Glucose concentration where the transporter is fully saturated

Question 27

When does glucose excretion drastically pick up?

Answer 27

Right at tmax

Question 28

Glucose in urine is a sign of what?

Answer 28

Diabetes

Question 29

2/3rds of reabsorption happens in what part of the renal tubule?

Answer 29

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 30

What drives Na+ reabsorption out of the tubule?

Answer 30

Na/K pumps on proximal tubule epithelial cells

Question 31

What is H+ secretion coupled to?

Answer 31

Na+ reabsorption

Question 32

What keeps sodium concentration low in the proximal tubule epithelial cells?

Answer 32

Na/K pumps

Question 33

The insertion of aquaporins in the collecting duct is stimulated by what hormone?

Answer 33

ADH

Question 34

Inhibiting ADH results in what?

Answer 34

Very dilute urine

Question 35

What is diabetes insipidus?

Answer 35

Issues with ADH synthesis and release

Question 36

What increases cAMP in the collecting duct?

Answer 36

Adenylyl cyclase

Question 37

The ascending limb is hypotonic to what else?

Answer 37

The interstitial fluid

Question 38

What part of the renal tubule is isotonic to the interstitial fluid?

Answer 38

The descending limb

Question 39

The descending limb is hyper or hypo osomotic to the ascending limb?

Answer 39

Hyperosomotic

Question 40

What does hyperosmotic/hypertonic mean?

Answer 40

Mor concentrated with respect to a specific reference

Question 41

What does hypotonic/hypoosmotic mean?

Answer 41

Less concentrated/more dilute with respect to a specific reference

Question 42

If active transport is blocked in the renal tubule, what happens?

Answer 42

Loss of ability to concentrate urine