Renal - 11/29 Quiz Flashcards
The process of urination
Micturition
RBCs in the urine
Hematuria
The bladder wall muscle
Detrusor
Accumulations of precipitated material in the urine that have cylindrical shape like a mold of a section of tubule
Casts
Precipitated material in the urine that increase as urine cools
Crystals
The area of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra
Trigone
WBCs in the urine
Pyuria
All of the glomeruli are located int eh renal …
Cortex
Small openings in the glomerular endothelium, called ……, are maintained by vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by the ………
fenestrae; podocytes
The ……. urethral sphincter is under voluntary control and is innervated by the …… somatic nerve.
external; pudendal
Urea is a product of ….. breakdown; recycling of urea within the renal medulla is necessary to ….. urine.
protein; concentrate
Elimination of a substance in the urine is called …….
excretion
The amount of plasma filtered per unit time is the ……
glomerular filtration rate
Natriuretic peptides ……. renal excretion of sodium and water; ADH …… renal excretion of water, which …… urine specific gravity.
increase; decreases; increases
Blood entering the peritubular capillaries has …. hydrostatic pressure and …. oncotic pressure, which facilitates ….. of fluid from the proximal convoluted tubules.
low; high; reabsorption
Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine
Hydroureter
Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine
Hydronephrosis
Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra
urethral stricture
Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces
Staghorn calculus
In addition to relieving pain, rapid removal of an upper urinary tract obstruction is important because the accumulating urine causes back pressure that ….. renal cells.
kills
When one kidney develops irreversible damage, the other kidney ………………………
undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules.
An alkaline urinary pH significantly increases the risk for ……. ………… stone formation, whereas acidic urine increases the risk for a ……….. ……….. stone.
calcium phosphate; uric acid
The technical term for bladder dysfunction due to neurologic problem is ……… ………
neurogenic bladder (s/sx: incontinence, urgency)
Cigarette smoking, arsenic in drinking water, and exposure to aniline dyes are risk factors for ….. cancer, which is characterized by ….. hematuria.
bladder; painless.
The most common route by which bacteria reach the bladder is …………………..; the most common route by which bacteria reach the kidney is ……………….
retrograde up the urethra;
retrograde up a ureter.
The only manifestation of cystitis in an older adult may be development of ………
confusion
Acute pyelonephritis primarily affects the ……….. …….. and is associated with sudden onset of fever, chills, and flank or groin pain; chronic pyelonephritis primarily involves inflammation and fibrosis of the renal …………..
renal tubules; interstitium.
In IgA nephropathy, the bone marrow makes antibodies against ………. ……. that trigger glomerular injury, often after ……….. infection.
abnormal IgA-I; viral
Proteinuria and angiotensin II contribute to ……… renal damage in ………… ……….. ………
irreversible; chronic kidney disease
