Renal - 11/29 Quiz

Question 1

The process of urination

Answer 1

Micturition

Question 2

RBCs in the urine

Answer 2

Hematuria

Question 3

The bladder wall muscle

Answer 3

Detrusor

Question 4

Accumulations of precipitated material in the urine that have cylindrical shape like a mold of a section of tubule

Answer 4

Casts

Question 5

Precipitated material in the urine that increase as urine cools

Answer 5

Crystals

Question 6

The area of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra

Answer 6

Trigone

Question 7

WBCs in the urine

Answer 7

Pyuria

Question 8

All of the glomeruli are located int eh renal …

Answer 8

Cortex

Question 9

Small openings in the glomerular endothelium, called ……, are maintained by vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by the ………

Answer 9

fenestrae; podocytes

Question 10

The ……. urethral sphincter is under voluntary control and is innervated by the …… somatic nerve.

Answer 10

external; pudendal

Question 11

Urea is a product of ….. breakdown; recycling of urea within the renal medulla is necessary to ….. urine.

Answer 11

protein; concentrate

Question 12

Elimination of a substance in the urine is called …….

Answer 12

excretion

Question 13

The amount of plasma filtered per unit time is the ……

Answer 13

glomerular filtration rate

Question 14

Natriuretic peptides ……. renal excretion of sodium and water; ADH …… renal excretion of water, which …… urine specific gravity.

Answer 14

increase; decreases; increases

Question 15

Blood entering the peritubular capillaries has …. hydrostatic pressure and …. oncotic pressure, which facilitates ….. of fluid from the proximal convoluted tubules.

Answer 15

low; high; reabsorption

Question 16

Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine

Answer 16

Hydroureter

Question 17

Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine

Answer 17

Hydronephrosis

Question 18

Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra

Answer 18

urethral stricture

Question 19

Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces

Answer 19

Staghorn calculus

Question 20

In addition to relieving pain, rapid removal of an upper urinary tract obstruction is important because the accumulating urine causes back pressure that ….. renal cells.

Answer 20

kills

Question 21

When one kidney develops irreversible damage, the other kidney ………………………

Answer 21

undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules.

Question 22

An alkaline urinary pH significantly increases the risk for ……. ………… stone formation, whereas acidic urine increases the risk for a ……….. ……….. stone.

Answer 22

calcium phosphate; uric acid

Question 23

The technical term for bladder dysfunction due to neurologic problem is ……… ………

Answer 23

neurogenic bladder (s/sx: incontinence, urgency)

Question 24

Cigarette smoking, arsenic in drinking water, and exposure to aniline dyes are risk factors for ….. cancer, which is characterized by ….. hematuria.

Answer 24

bladder; painless.

Question 25

The most common route by which bacteria reach the bladder is …………………..; the most common route by which bacteria reach the kidney is ……………….

Answer 25

retrograde up the urethra;

retrograde up a ureter.

Question 26

The only manifestation of cystitis in an older adult may be development of ………

Answer 26

confusion

Question 27

Acute pyelonephritis primarily affects the ……….. …….. and is associated with sudden onset of fever, chills, and flank or groin pain; chronic pyelonephritis primarily involves inflammation and fibrosis of the renal …………..

Answer 27

renal tubules; interstitium.

Question 28

In IgA nephropathy, the bone marrow makes antibodies against ………. ……. that trigger glomerular injury, often after ……….. infection.

Answer 28

abnormal IgA-I; viral

Question 29

Proteinuria and angiotensin II contribute to ……… renal damage in ………… ……….. ………

Answer 29

irreversible; chronic kidney disease