Renal 1 Flashcards
What does Renal artery do ?
what does Renal vein do?
Renal artery: blood and nutrients into the kidney
Renal vein: takes the blood out of the kidney into the body
what consists in the waste products (in the form of urine) ?
excess water
urea
excess nutrients
what are capillary beds and their roles?
renal arteries connect to the renal vein by capillary beds
- vasa recta
- peritubular capillaries
what are the three parts of a nephron?
1) renal corpuscle
2) Renal tubules
3) capillary network
what forms renal corpsucle?
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- bowman capsule
what forms renal tubules?
Proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle - ascending and descending
distal convoluted tubules
collecting duct
what forms the capillary network and where are they found ?
- vasa recta - found interwining/surrounds the loop of henle
- peritubular capillaries - surrounds pct and dct
what are the 3 processes which occur in a nephron?
1) filtration
2) reabsorption
3) secretion
what happens in the process of filtration (nephron)
- occurs in the glomerulus & Bowman’s capsule
- blood enters the glomerulus under a really high pressure
- constituents from the blood leave the glomerulus and enter the nephron via the Bowman’s capsule
- this forms the filtrate. As it enters the tubules it is referred to as tubular fluid.
- complex process then takes place as the tubular fluid passes through the nephrons. End product = urine
- key relationship between molecular mass and filtration at this stage
in the process of filtration what is its relationship with molecular mass
The blood is arriving from the afferent arterioles contain RBCs, WBCs, water, really big proteins, amino acids (smaller proteins), glucose, waste products
The walls of the arterioles consists multiple layers which allow smaller molecules to pass through, but excluding larger molecules such as proteins
- only lets small molecules enter and pass into the nephron
- the larger molecules will stay in the blood - therefore it never enters the kidney
what is size of the molecules which is most appropriate to cross into the glomerulus and form a filtrate?
Substances that are up to 5000 Da flow freely across the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule to form the filtrate
Substances above 5000 Da are less likely to cross from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule
what happens in the process of reabsorption in the nephron?
- movement of constituents from the tubular fluid back into the blood
- this is aided by the existence of peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
- the body is reclaiming these constituents before they are excreted in the form of urine
- e.g. the reabsorption of water is one of the key regulators of blood pressure
- can be transcellular of paracellular
what happens in the process of secretion?
- movement of constituents from the blood into the tubular fluid
- this is aided by the existence of peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
- the body is removing these constituents so that they are excreted in the form of urine
- can be transcellular or paracellular
what does the reabsorption of water regulate
blood pressure
what are the functions of a kidney?
- Homeostasis
- PRODUCE an active form of vitamin D that promotes strong, healthy bones
- Control the PRODUCTION of RED BLOOD CELL
- Remove drugs from the body
what are the roles of homeostasis within the kidney?
- Removing waste products from the body
- Regulating the pH of your blood
- Regulating the blood pressure by regulating inorganic ions
- Regulating water balance to maintain osmolality
- Releasing hormones that influence water balance and regulate blood pressure
waste removal (homeostasis) - what products?
The kidneys are filtering devices for the blood
Remove the waste products of metabolic processes
- urea - uric acid - creatinine
