Renaissance Terms

Question 1

Humanism

Answer 1

A system of thought that focuses on humans and their values, capacities, and worth.A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized human potential to attain excellence and promoted direct study of the literature, art, and civilization of classical Greece and Rome.

Question 2

Christian humanism

Answer 2

Renaissance movement that combined a revived interest in the nature of humanity with the Christian faith. It impacted art, changed the focus of religious scholarship, shaped personal spirituality, and helped encourage the Protestant Reformation.

Question 3

Civic humanism

Answer 3

“Classical republicanism, also known as civic humanism, is an early theory of democracy that holds that the best kind of government is one that promotes the “common good” and the welfare of an entire society. Its characteristics include civic virtue, moral education, and small, uniform communities.

Question 4

New monarchies

Answer 4

During the first half of the 20th century to characterize 15th-century European rulers who unified their respective nations, creating stable and centralized governments.

Question 5

Securalism

Answer 5

A belief system that rejects religion, or the belief that religion should not be part of the affairs of the state or part of public education. The principles of separation of church and state and of keeping religion out of the public school system are an example ofsecularism.

Question 6

Individualism

Answer 6

Humanism a step further and is the belief that individual humans are capable of great accomplishments. The more communal, group oriented society and mentality of the Middle Ages was being replaced by a belief in the potential of the individual to make great achievements.

Question 7

Baldsarre Castiglione

Answer 7

Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author, who is probably most famous for his authorship of The Book of the Courtier. What the perfect rennaisance man is

Question 8

Pico Della Mirandola

Answer 8

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–94) is, after Marsilio Ficino, the best known philosopher of the Renaissance: his Oration on the Dignity of Man (manifesto of the renaissance) is better known than any other philosophical text of the fifteenth century. B eliebed in hermetic philosophy and that humans have the right to fail or succeed

Question 9

Petrarch

Answer 9

First modern intellectual. Deep understanding of what Greek and Latin literature had been in antiquity. Founded philology systematic and scientific study of all literally and linguistic phenomena. Inspired by works of Cicero

Question 10

Marchiavelli

Answer 10

Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science. Wrote the prince

Question 11

Johannesburg Gutenberg

Answer 11

German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer and publisher. Introduced printing to Europe. Meant more books and bibles could be produced in larger quantities in a short period of time.

Question 12

Donatello

Answer 12

A sculptor who revolutionized the art in Florence during the early Renaissance. Born as Donato di Niccolo Bardi, he was an apprentice in the workshop of Lorenzo Ghiberti, and assisted Ghiberti in creating the famous bronze doors of the Baptistry of Florence. Also built David bronze sculpture. He invented the shallow relief technique

Question 13

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 13

Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His Last Supper (1495–98) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503–19) are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance. His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of their time.

Question 14

Michelangelo

Answer 14

sculptor, painter and architect widely considered to be one of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance period—and arguably of all time. His work demonstrated a blend of psychological insight, physical realism and intensity never before seen.His resulting work, most notably his Pietà and David sculptures and Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings, has been carefully tended and preserved, ensuring that future generations would be able to view and appreciate Michelangelo’s genius.

Question 15

Rafael

Answer 15

Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Painted school of Athens

Question 16

Reconquista

Answer 16

The Reconquista is the name given to a long series of wars and battles between the Christian Kingdoms and the Muslim Moors for control of the Iberian Peninsula. It lasted for a good portion of the Middle Ages from 718 to 1492

Question 17

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

Answer 17

Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile in Valladolid, thus beginning a cooperative reign that would unite all the dominions of Spain and elevate the nation to a dominant world power. Ferdinand and Isabella incorporated a number of independent Spanish dominions into their kingdom and in 1478 introduced the Spanish Inquisition, a powerful and brutal force of homogenization in Spanish society. In 1492, the reconquest of Granada from the Moors was completed, and the crown ordered all Spanish Jews to convert to Christianity or face expulsion from Spain. Four years later, Spanish Muslims were handed a similar order.

Question 18

Henry VIII

Answer 18

King of England. Father of navy building 50 ships. Wanted heir for throne e but after his first wife failed to do so. He asked the pope for a divorce. When the pope declined fearing Charles V. He separated from the church and started Church of England.

Question 19

Isabella d’Este

Answer 19

First Lady of the world” leader of Mantua wise and had good taste in art. She ruled while her husband was away and when he was captured by France. At age 16 she was arguing against politicians and ambassadors. Able to control and command her military

Question 20

Habsburg Valois wars

Answer 20

France vs. Austria and Spain (Habsburg). France tried keeping GERMANY DIVIDED. Led to slow unification of German states. Ended by the treaty of Cateau. French lost claim on Italy but kept Germany from unifying. No clear winner because both sides were spent in money and energy.

Question 21

Christine de Pizan

Answer 21

French writer of medieval era known for her pioneering works about feminist literature. She was also the first women in Europe to actually make a living through writing. Wrote city of ladies

Question 22

The fall of Constantinople

Answer 22

Founded by Constantinople.By the middle of the fifteenth century, the prominence of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire that it ruled had suffered a dramatic decline. The city found itself entirely surrounded by an Ottoman Empire eager to expand its domain. The final blow came in the spring of 1453 when the Ottoman Turks, led by the Sultan Mehmed II, besieged the city for fifty-seven days.

Question 23

The court of star chambers

Answer 23

the court made up of judges and privy councillors that grew out of the medieval king’s council as a supplement to the regular justice of the common-law courts.

Question 24

Diplomacy

Answer 24

when they send ambassadors to the other city states in Italy to conduct business, benefit their own state or maintain relations