Renaissance Gardens

Question 1

how is the renaissance period broken up?

Answer 1

1. early renaissance - mid 15th century
2. High Renaissance- end 15th- 16th century
3. Mannerism - 16th century
4. Baroque- 17th century

Question 2

what is the Duomo ?
who built? where?
Why sig?

Answer 2

• largest masonry dome ever built
• Brunelleschi, Catherdral of Santa Maria del Fiore
• influence of ancient Roman ruins on engineering

Question 3

what is humanism

Answer 3

• intellectual movement –> task combining legacy of classical antiquity with modern ideas
• concentrated on scientific inquiry
• respect for indv achievement in real world vs exclusive concern of faith

Question 4

4 characteristics of renaissance art

Answer 4

1. renewed interest in classic art form
2. understanding human form vs traditional 2-D figure
3. sense depth, perspective, proportion and realism
4. need of people to relate natural world in art

Question 5

who was leone battista alberti

Answer 5

early renaissance time
- wrote 10 book on architecture based on teachings of antiquity with therories of villa design
“ harmony of all parts in relation to one another”
-Villa medici modelled from his ideas

Question 6

Villa medici a fiesole

Answer 6

• one of first villas meant soley for pleasure in early renaissance
• formal gardens with views of surrounding folerence countryside

Question 7

theories of villa medici (Leone Battista Alberti) (5)

Answer 7

-hillside elevation exploited for views, air sunlight
-gardens have porticoes
-open space for gatherings
springs of water for quiet pleasure
-boxwood hedges (monogram)
-fine comic statues

Question 8

what is portico

Answer 8

-structure that links garden and indoor house space –> transition piece

Question 9

what are principle of renaissance garden?

Answer 9

• outward focus

- order and geometry used to show man’s power over nature and interaction between nature and art

Question 10

16th century characteristics

Answer 10

• nature became constructed
• italian style spread across continent and byeond
• indv creative pursuits valued by society and artists gained prestige

Question 11

what cultrual shift started occuring entering 16th century?

Answer 11

• Rome was new authority for Renaissance gardening –> shifting from Florence
• church of Rome became wealthy again–> POWER

Question 12

parterre

Answer 12

garden compartment

Question 13

16th century renaissance garden characteristics

Answer 13

• order and symmetry used to organize space
• sub-divided ground into a plane of parterres, formed dif symm patterns
• axial arrangement and architectural framing of landscape space
• abundance presence of water–> showed power

Question 14

giochi d’acqua

Answer 14

water games

Question 15

Villa D’este
who?
where?
what?

Answer 15

• Cardinal Ippolito D’este commisioned Pirro Ligorio
• Tivoli, Rome
• close to Aniene River
• bramantian axial planning combined with highly imaginative use of water

Question 16

Villa Lante
Who?
Where
what

Answer 16

• Cardinal Giovanne Franesco Ganbara commisioned Giacomo de Vignola
  -located Bagnaia
  Fountain of Pegasis, Deluge, dolphins water chain, water parterre

Question 17

what world events lead to mannerism in garden

Answer 17

• Rome sacked by mercenaries, political and religion retaliation
• restlessness and insecurity lead to Mannerist style
• reaction to harmonious renaisannce ideals assoc with deVinci, Raphael, Michelangelo

Question 18

what did mannerist movement represent? transfered to sculpture? to garden?

Answer 18

nature ordered through artifice/ deceit

• sculptures rep indvs imaginative power and creative power rather than divine order
• less calm, more theatrical display with water and sculpture

Question 19

what is most extreme example of mannerist garden

Answer 19

Sacro Bosco at Bomarzo

Question 20

Sacro Bosco at Bomarzo

-what does it contain?

Answer 20

• gigantic sculptures carved from living rock

- antiquearian and literary references

Question 21

renaissance vs mannerism

Answer 21

modest, subtle= renaissance

dramatic, active= mannerism

Question 22

Renaissance gardens form (5)

Answer 22

symmetry and axiality, modularity, outward looking, geo form, interior/ exterior connection

Question 23

Renaissance function

Answer 23

expressions of power/ influence, allegory, iconography

Question 24

renaissance env’tal context

Answer 24

-regional expression, mediterranean climate, limited water, topography

Question 25

renaissance cultural context

Answer 25

humanism, merging Christian and classical influences, rebirth