Early cultural landscapes Flashcards
what time period is classified as early cultural landscapes
2017 CE
what is BC
before christ
what is AD
anno domini = latin for year of our lord
what does CE stand for?
common era
what does BCE stand for?
Before common era
when does culture develop
- result of certain level of stability - music, art architecture, painting
what are 4 characteristics of early landscapes
- original ‘ Place makers”
- psychological need to shape earth
- orientation to celestial reference points
- symbolism
what does genuis loci mean
- refers to the unique spiritual force inherent in a place
geoglyph def’n , ex
- images inscribed on the earth
ex great bear mound- iowa
serpent mound, ohio
what are the Nacza lines, peru a good example of
- geoglyph
- 200-600CE
- extensive series of straight lines, geometric shapes and animal figures
monolith def’n, ex
- single stone monument
ex Moai’s of Easter Island, Chile
megalith def’n, ex
- exceptionally large stone monuments, usually with multiple stones
- Stonehedge, England
what does Stonehedge date back to? Who built it? How was it constructed?
- 2950 BCE-1600 BCE
- built by different groups of people at different times, earth forms, wood structure, stone forms
- all stone open to NE framing sunrise of summer solstice
- post and lintel construction
what is post and lintel construction , disadvantages?
- large stone laying flat ontop 2 vertical ones
dis: limited weight that can be held up - small distances needed between the posts
- later roman arch –> larger structures constructed
obelisk
- tall, four sided narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid- like shape or pyramidion at the top
describe classical antiquity
- broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea
- comprising the interlocking civilization of ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
describe greek antiquity
- began with with earliest recorded Greek poetry of Homer(8th BCE ) until decline of Roman Empire (5th CE)
describe Classical antiquity principles
- greeks respected sanctuary of gods but = valued human domain
- looked for rational explanations of natures mysteries
- sacred structures replaced sacred landscapes
what are 3 orders of greek architecture columns
- doric- simple
- ionic- curved rounded
- corinthian- elaborate
how could you describe greek architecture
- strong connection between mathematics and beauty
- golden ratio
what is golden rule/ ratio
- mathematical truth = natural rality
how would you best describe greek gardens
- blend of geometric forms (temples) and nature (surrounding landscapes) –> nature shrines
- usually outside city b/c didn’t have water supply in city
who popularized aqueducts? how did this influence gardens?
- Romans
- city gardens created
what is tholos
- circular temple
describe roman antiquity
- absorbed and modified greek ideas
- advanced engineering skills created concrete buildings, aqueducts, sewer systems and roads
describe roman gardens
- villa gardens = luxurious lifestyle
- formaility of gardens showed control over nature
- used marble, brick, sculpture, water
peristyle
-enclosed garden that is within colonnaded courtyard, informal outdoor living space in Roman townhouse –> purpose to keep building cool
what is example of peristyle
House of Vetti, Pompeii
Hadrian’s Villa, Italy
