Renaissance and the Eighteenth century Flashcards
Famous poet of the 14th century:
Iolo Goch
Iolo Goch was a contemporary of…
Dafydd ap Gwilym
What genre did Iolo Goch adapt to new times?
Praise poetry
Tradition in Iolo Goch’s poetry (4):
-cywydd metre
-modes of euology
-vocab
-imagery
Iolo Goch had ideals of…
-social responsibility
Iolo Goch’s views towards the crown
Ambigious, loyal but resentful
Compare Iolo Goch and Dafydd ap Gwilym’s views:
Iolo Goch was more conservative and less radical
Where’s Iolo Goch from?
Vale of Clwyd (North-East)
What powerful person did Iolo Goch address in his poem?
King Edward III
What was Iolo Goch concerned about?
social disintegration, need to preserve the established order
Cywyddwyr - meaning
Poets who use the cywydd metre
(Period of Cywyddwyr)
When was the Period o Cyddwyr and what was it also called?
1300-1600 (14th -17th)
Poets of the Nobility
Iolo Goch’s most famous patron:
Owain Glyndŵr
What did Owain Glyndŵr do?
rebelled against the English
Iolo Goch created one of the first….
descriptions of noble houses in the late Middle Ages
(detailed materially)
For whom did Iolo Goch write a house description?
Owain Glyndŵr
Device characteristic of all cywyddwyr…
devide of dream vision
Where does Iolo Goch use the devide of dream vision?
“Cricieth Castle”
Describe “Cricieth Castle”’s story:
-elegy, the poet appeals to his dead love, opens her grave, scolds her for being silent
When does Welsh poetry flourish?
15th century
Eisteddfod in the 15th century:
1451 - Eisteddfod at Carmarthen
Largest amount of Medieval Welsh poetry comes from:
Lewys Glyn Gothi (preserved his work in writing)
Request poem - in Welsh, explain
Cywydd gofyn, poet asks patron for a gift, social poetry (skills & friendship)
Best poet of the 15th century:
Tudur Aled -ornamentation, imagery, range of genres
Prophetic poems in Welsh:
Cywyddau brud
Prophetic poems (Cywyddau brud) used …. imagery:
Animal symbolism of Geffrey of Monmouth’s Merlin prophecies
When does prophetic poetry (cywyddau brud) end?
When Henry Tudor becomes King (1485)
Satire in the 15thc
Dychan -cursing other poets or not generous nobles
(reduced social standing of satire)
Female poet in the 15thc:
Gwerful Mechain (sexuality, religious verse)
Poet focused on morality and vanity of all things:
Siôn Cent
Decline of the bardic order…
(podaj wiek)
16th century
(harder to make a living)
When & why did the bardic order end?
-17/18th century
-anglicization, no patronage
-conservatism bardic order VS renaissance
CRAFT GIVEN TO AMATEURS
Welsh language in the Renaissance:
seen as inferior to Latin & Greek, underwent many changes, adde vocab, linguistic standards
First book ever printed in Welsh:
Y Lhyvyr Hwnn -basic religious text
…..created a Welsh-English dictionary in 1547
William Salesbury
What did William Salesbury do?
Welsh-English dictionary (1547), was a linguist, proverbs, science, law, religion
What type of poetry emerged in the Renaissance?
Free Metre poetry
Describe free metre poetry
no cynghanedd, mostly religious / hen benillion
How many meters did the bardic system have
24
Describe hen benillion
-folk verse
-simple 4 line stanzas
-harp accompaniament
-female POV
-annonymous, common human experience
Two patriotic societies to promote Welsh culture:
- Cymmrodorion
- Gwyneddigon
What was the capital of the Welsh literary life in the 16th century?
London
Country poets in Welsh:
Beirdd Gwlad
Who invented the concept of hiraeth?
Goronwy Owen
Greatest neo-classical poet & priest:
Goronwy Owen
Book that tried to recreate the nation in a romantic light
Archeologia Britannica
…..aimed to improve morals by satire on their (Welsh?) sins.
Ellis Wynne
Work of Ellis Wynne
“Visions of the Sleeping Bard”
Welsh history from the Tower of Babel to the death of Llywellyn ap Gruffudd:
“The Mirror of the 1st Ages” -Theophilius Evans
What did Theophilius Evans include in his “Mirror of the 1st Ages”?
- descent from Noah’s grandson (Gomer -Gomeraeg)
- link with Troy (through Brutus)
- Hengist’s trachery, his daughter Rhonwen
