Renaissance and the Eighteenth century

Question 1

Famous poet of the 14th century:

Answer 1

Iolo Goch

Question 2

Iolo Goch was a contemporary of…

Answer 2

Dafydd ap Gwilym

Question 3

What genre did Iolo Goch adapt to new times?

Answer 3

Praise poetry

Question 4

Tradition in Iolo Goch’s poetry (4):

Answer 4

-cywydd metre
-modes of euology
-vocab
-imagery

Question 5

Iolo Goch had ideals of…

Answer 5

-social responsibility

Question 6

Iolo Goch’s views towards the crown

Answer 6

Ambigious, loyal but resentful

Question 7

Compare Iolo Goch and Dafydd ap Gwilym’s views:

Answer 7

Iolo Goch was more conservative and less radical

Question 8

Where’s Iolo Goch from?

Answer 8

Vale of Clwyd (North-East)

Question 9

What powerful person did Iolo Goch address in his poem?

Answer 9

King Edward III

Question 10

What was Iolo Goch concerned about?

Answer 10

social disintegration, need to preserve the established order

Question 11

Cywyddwyr - meaning

Answer 11

Poets who use the cywydd metre
(Period of Cywyddwyr)

Question 12

When was the Period o Cyddwyr and what was it also called?

Answer 12

1300-1600 (14th -17th)
Poets of the Nobility

Question 13

Iolo Goch’s most famous patron:

Answer 13

Owain Glyndŵr

Question 14

What did Owain Glyndŵr do?

Answer 14

rebelled against the English

Question 15

Iolo Goch created one of the first….

Answer 15

descriptions of noble houses in the late Middle Ages
(detailed materially)

Question 16

For whom did Iolo Goch write a house description?

Answer 16

Owain Glyndŵr

Question 17

Device characteristic of all cywyddwyr…

Answer 17

devide of dream vision

Question 18

Where does Iolo Goch use the devide of dream vision?

Answer 18

“Cricieth Castle”

Question 19

Describe “Cricieth Castle”’s story:

Answer 19

-elegy, the poet appeals to his dead love, opens her grave, scolds her for being silent

Question 20

When does Welsh poetry flourish?

Answer 20

15th century

Question 21

Eisteddfod in the 15th century:

Answer 21

1451 - Eisteddfod at Carmarthen

Question 22

Largest amount of Medieval Welsh poetry comes from:

Answer 22

Lewys Glyn Gothi (preserved his work in writing)

Question 23

Request poem - in Welsh, explain

Answer 23

Cywydd gofyn, poet asks patron for a gift, social poetry (skills & friendship)

Question 24

Best poet of the 15th century:

Answer 24

Tudur Aled -ornamentation, imagery, range of genres

Question 25

Prophetic poems in Welsh:

Answer 25

Cywyddau brud

Question 26

Prophetic poems (Cywyddau brud) used .... imagery:

Answer 26

Animal symbolism of Geffrey of Monmouth's Merlin prophecies

Question 27

When does prophetic poetry (cywyddau brud) end?

Answer 27

When Henry Tudor becomes King (1485)

Question 28

Satire in the 15thc

Answer 28

Dychan -cursing other poets or not generous nobles (reduced social standing of satire)

Question 29

Female poet in the 15thc:

Answer 29

Gwerful Mechain (sexuality, religious verse)

Question 30

Poet focused on morality and vanity of all things:

Answer 30

Siôn Cent

Question 31

Decline of the bardic order... (podaj wiek)

Answer 31

16th century (harder to make a living)

Question 32

When & why did the bardic order end?

Answer 32

-17/18th century -anglicization, no patronage -conservatism bardic order VS renaissance CRAFT GIVEN TO AMATEURS

Question 33

Welsh language in the Renaissance:

Answer 33

seen as inferior to Latin & Greek, underwent many changes, adde vocab, linguistic standards

Question 34

First book ever printed in Welsh:

Answer 34

Y Lhyvyr Hwnn -basic religious text

Question 35

.....created a Welsh-English dictionary in 1547

Answer 35

William Salesbury

Question 36

What did William Salesbury do?

Answer 36

Welsh-English dictionary (1547), was a linguist, proverbs, science, law, religion

Question 37

What type of poetry emerged in the Renaissance?

Answer 37

Free Metre poetry

Question 38

Describe free metre poetry

Answer 38

no cynghanedd, mostly religious / hen benillion

Question 39

How many meters did the bardic system have

Answer 39

24

Question 40

Describe hen benillion

Answer 40

-folk verse -simple 4 line stanzas -harp accompaniament -female POV -annonymous, common human experience

Question 41

Two patriotic societies to promote Welsh culture:

Answer 41

1. Cymmrodorion 2. Gwyneddigon

Question 42

What was the capital of the Welsh literary life in the 16th century?

Answer 42

London

Question 43

Country poets in Welsh:

Answer 43

Beirdd Gwlad

Question 44

Who invented the concept of hiraeth?

Answer 44

Goronwy Owen

Question 45

Greatest neo-classical poet & priest:

Answer 45

Goronwy Owen

Question 46

Book that tried to recreate the nation in a romantic light

Answer 46

Archeologia Britannica

Question 47

.....aimed to improve morals by satire on their (Welsh?) sins.

Answer 47

Ellis Wynne

Question 48

Work of Ellis Wynne

Answer 48

"Visions of the Sleeping Bard"

Question 49

Welsh history from the Tower of Babel to the death of Llywellyn ap Gruffudd:

Answer 49

"The Mirror of the 1st Ages" -Theophilius Evans

Question 50

What did Theophilius Evans include in his "Mirror of the 1st Ages"?

Answer 50

1. descent from Noah's grandson (Gomer -*Gomeraeg*) 2. link with Troy (through Brutus) 3. Hengist's trachery, his daughter Rhonwen