renaissance Flashcards
what is the renaissance?
A cultural movement that took place in Europe during the late Medieval Times
Where did the renaissance start?
Italy.
What does ‘renaissance’ mean?
revive or rebirth
What are the main features of the renaissance?
- Revival of the ancient Greco-Roman civilisation
- Humanism as the intellectual basis
- Challenging the Church’s teachings
The renaissance is seen as the transitional period from ________________________ to _______________________.
medieval times, modern times
What are the causes of the renaissance?
- The decline of feudalism
- spread of eastern knowledge
- rise of wealthy city-states and classes
- rise of universities
- decline of church’s influence
What are the causes of the decline of feudalism?
- the crusades
- the rise of strong kings
- the black death
What role does humanism play in the renaissance?
It was the intellectual basis of it.
When did the Renaissance take place?
14th-17th century.
What are the crusades?
They are military campaigns started by European Christianes against Muslims in the Middle East.
How did the crusades contribute to the decline of feudalism?
Many European nobles left their manors to join their expeditions, giving their serfs a chance to flee from the manors and increasing the number of freemen in society. Some serfs even freed themselves from serfdom by joining the crusades.
Why did the strong kings rise?
This is because of how the European nobles left their manors to join the crusades.
What did the strong kings do when they rose?
- centralised power and ruled their people directly
- set up national armies and no longer depended on nobles to help them
What is the result of the Black Death?
- killed about one-third of the European population
- Manorial system collapsed
- destroyed feudal political and social systems in Europe
- more people became townspeople/ freemen
Why was there a spread of eastern knowledge?
- The Crusades encouraged the exchange of knowledge between Europe and the Arab world, during the military expedition
- Europeans brought back a lot of artworks and advanced scientific knowledge from the Arab world during the crusades
The Arabs had a good knowledge of ________________________________________________________________.
science, mathematics, medicine and astronomy
What did the spread of eastern knowledge do?
It broadened the horizons of Europeans and revived their interest in ancient Greco-Roman art and learning.
Why was trade promoted between Europe and the East?
The Crusades had to buy supplies en route to Jerusalem.
Why did many italian city-states become wealthy? Name a few.
This is because they were major trading centres between Europe and Asia. Venice, Genoa, Marseille, Florence.
What was so special about the universities established by guilds? what does that mean?
They were not controlled by the Catholic Church. This means that students could study in a free environment, and could study subjects other than Biblical teachings. They could also learn with more perspectives.
What caused the decline of church’s influence, and weakened the Church’s influence on people’s minds?
The rise of universities and the spread of eastern knowledge.
Why was the power of the Church questioned?
This was because the Crusades were defeated.
________________ and ________________ ________________ defied the Pope openly.
French, English rulers
What did universities encourage scholars to do?
To pursue the truth and increase their knowledge.
What were some subjects that the scholars at university studied?
arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy, logic, rhetoric and grammar
Which group of people emerged in Italy before the Renaissance? Name a family of the kind.
Wealthy merchants and bankers. The Medici family.
Why did rich families sponsor art and science?
Because they were concerned with worldly life and to increase their status
What is the idea of humanism?
Regarding humans as the centre of the universe who should be allowed to develop their capabilities.
Before the renaissance, Europeans were mainly concerned with ________________.
During the renaissance, they were also concerned with ________________ ________________.
religion, worldly affairs
What was the intention of the Crusades?
Recapturing Jerusalem.
When did the crusades last?
From the 11th to the 13th century.
What were the hidden intentions of the Pope when he started the Crusades?
To enhance his prestige.
What did Europeans do with the knowledge of the ancient Greco-Roman civilisation?
They added elements of this civilisation to their works.
Why were Europeans able to make important innovations during the Renaissance?
it is because of the decline of the church’s influence.
when did the church split?
1378-1417
what were the important innovations europeans made based on?
the ancient Greco-Roman civilisation.
European civilisation underwent _________________________ at the Renaissance, laying the _________________ for _____________________.
rapid development, foundations, modern Europe
Influenced by humanism, Europeans began to believe in _________________________________________________. As a result, _______________________________________________.
the spirit of inquiry and rational thinking, manny important scientific discoveries and inventions were made.
When did the black death strike?
The 14th century.
When more people became townspeople, what did they have?
greater freedom and more time for art and learning.
Describe the Catholic Church’s power before the Renaissance.
they controlled education and had great political power in medieval Europe.
