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History S2 > renaissance > Flashcards

renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the renaissance?

A

A cultural movement that took place in Europe during the late Medieval Times

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2
Q

Where did the renaissance start?

A

Italy.

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3
Q

What does ‘renaissance’ mean?

A

revive or rebirth

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4
Q

What are the main features of the renaissance?

A
  • Revival of the ancient Greco-Roman civilisation
  • Humanism as the intellectual basis
  • Challenging the Church’s teachings
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5
Q

The renaissance is seen as the transitional period from ________________________ to _______________________.

A

medieval times, modern times

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6
Q

What are the causes of the renaissance?

A
  • The decline of feudalism
  • spread of eastern knowledge
  • rise of wealthy city-states and classes
  • rise of universities
  • decline of church’s influence
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7
Q

What are the causes of the decline of feudalism?

A
  • the crusades
  • the rise of strong kings
  • the black death
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8
Q

What role does humanism play in the renaissance?

A

It was the intellectual basis of it.

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9
Q

When did the Renaissance take place?

A

14th-17th century.

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10
Q

What are the crusades?

A

They are military campaigns started by European Christianes against Muslims in the Middle East.

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11
Q

How did the crusades contribute to the decline of feudalism?

A

Many European nobles left their manors to join their expeditions, giving their serfs a chance to flee from the manors and increasing the number of freemen in society. Some serfs even freed themselves from serfdom by joining the crusades.

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12
Q

Why did the strong kings rise?

A

This is because of how the European nobles left their manors to join the crusades.

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13
Q

What did the strong kings do when they rose?

A
  • centralised power and ruled their people directly

- set up national armies and no longer depended on nobles to help them

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14
Q

What is the result of the Black Death?

A
  • killed about one-third of the European population
  • Manorial system collapsed
  • destroyed feudal political and social systems in Europe
  • more people became townspeople/ freemen
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15
Q

Why was there a spread of eastern knowledge?

A
  • The Crusades encouraged the exchange of knowledge between Europe and the Arab world, during the military expedition
  • Europeans brought back a lot of artworks and advanced scientific knowledge from the Arab world during the crusades
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16
Q

The Arabs had a good knowledge of ________________________________________________________________.

A

science, mathematics, medicine and astronomy

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17
Q

What did the spread of eastern knowledge do?

A

It broadened the horizons of Europeans and revived their interest in ancient Greco-Roman art and learning.

18
Q

Why was trade promoted between Europe and the East?

A

The Crusades had to buy supplies en route to Jerusalem.

19
Q

Why did many italian city-states become wealthy? Name a few.

A

This is because they were major trading centres between Europe and Asia. Venice, Genoa, Marseille, Florence.

20
Q

What was so special about the universities established by guilds? what does that mean?

A

They were not controlled by the Catholic Church. This means that students could study in a free environment, and could study subjects other than Biblical teachings. They could also learn with more perspectives.

21
Q

What caused the decline of church’s influence, and weakened the Church’s influence on people’s minds?

A

The rise of universities and the spread of eastern knowledge.

22
Q

Why was the power of the Church questioned?

A

This was because the Crusades were defeated.

23
Q

________________ and ________________ ________________ defied the Pope openly.

A

French, English rulers

24
Q

What did universities encourage scholars to do?

A

To pursue the truth and increase their knowledge.

25
Q

What were some subjects that the scholars at university studied?

A

arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy, logic, rhetoric and grammar

26
Q

Which group of people emerged in Italy before the Renaissance? Name a family of the kind.

A

Wealthy merchants and bankers. The Medici family.

27
Q

Why did rich families sponsor art and science?

A

Because they were concerned with worldly life and to increase their status

28
Q

What is the idea of humanism?

A

Regarding humans as the centre of the universe who should be allowed to develop their capabilities.

29
Q

Before the renaissance, Europeans were mainly concerned with ________________.
During the renaissance, they were also concerned with ________________ ________________.

A

religion, worldly affairs

30
Q

What was the intention of the Crusades?

A

Recapturing Jerusalem.

31
Q

When did the crusades last?

A

From the 11th to the 13th century.

32
Q

What were the hidden intentions of the Pope when he started the Crusades?

A

To enhance his prestige.

33
Q

What did Europeans do with the knowledge of the ancient Greco-Roman civilisation?

A

They added elements of this civilisation to their works.

34
Q

Why were Europeans able to make important innovations during the Renaissance?

A

it is because of the decline of the church’s influence.

35
Q

when did the church split?

A

1378-1417

36
Q

what were the important innovations europeans made based on?

A

the ancient Greco-Roman civilisation.

37
Q

European civilisation underwent _________________________ at the Renaissance, laying the _________________ for _____________________.

A

rapid development, foundations, modern Europe

38
Q

Influenced by humanism, Europeans began to believe in _________________________________________________. As a result, _______________________________________________.

A

the spirit of inquiry and rational thinking, manny important scientific discoveries and inventions were made.

39
Q

When did the black death strike?

A

The 14th century.

40
Q

When more people became townspeople, what did they have?

A

greater freedom and more time for art and learning.

41
Q

Describe the Catholic Church’s power before the Renaissance.

A

they controlled education and had great political power in medieval Europe.

History S2 (3 decks)

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