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Modern World History > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Italy the birthplace of the renaissance?

A

Located in the Mediterranean - spread of ideas with Islamic empire
First to get the black plague - first to recover and be prosperous
Wealthy patrons funded the arts

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2
Q

Define humanism

A

The study of the classics to become a more virtuous and well-rounded person

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3
Q

Name artistic techniques and their meanings

A

Chiaroscuro - shading with dark colors as shadows for depth
Symmetry - balance and intention of a piece
Linear perspective - use of lines from a far-away ‘vanishing point’ to create depth
Foreshortening - objects that are positioned towards the eye appear short
Sfumato - blurred color and details for far away objects
Schiacciato - shallow relief to create depth on almost flat surfaces
Tenebrism - very dark background with vibrant faces or subjects

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4
Q

Common features of renaissance artwork

A

Natural looking
Precise
Depicts common people and scenes
Emotion

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5
Q

Ninja turtles

A

Leonardo
Donatello
Raphael
Michelangelo

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6
Q

Michelangelo

A

Florentine sculptor and painter
Known for the Sistine chapel, the David, and Pieta

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7
Q

Raphael

A

Painter know for ‘the city of Athens’ and ‘transfigursation’

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8
Q

Botticelli

A

Painter known for mythological characters in his works
Soft shapes

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9
Q

Titian

A

Venetian painter known for bright colors and tenebrism
Works include ‘Bacchus and Ariadne’

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10
Q

Van Eyck

A

Flemish painter know for ‘Arnolfini portrait’
Used oil paints that would permanently dry to add layers and details

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11
Q

How was the northern renaissance different than the Italian one?

A

Northern Renaissance thinkers studied the classics to bring about moral, religious, and social change

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12
Q

Erasmus

A

German author known for ‘praise of folly’ and his humorous criticism
Christianity has strength in all people being able to read the bible

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13
Q

Sir Thomas More

A

English author and judge know for his book ‘Utopia’
Men and women should be educated, property non-existent, and crime should be destroyed, rather than criminals

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14
Q

Cervantes

A

Spanish author of ‘Don Quixote’ - a story about a crazy man who thinks he’s a knight
Middle Ages feudal mindset

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15
Q

Most important invention in the entire world…

A

Printing press, Johannes Gutenberg, 1456

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16
Q

Pillars of Protestant religion

A

Faith alone = salvation
Bible is the sole authority
Priesthood of all believers

17
Q

Martin Luther’s big document

A

‘95 Thesis’ (1517)

18
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Political diplomat for the Medici family and wrote ‘The Prince’
Talks how to be the best leader, not the ideal leader

19
Q

Machiavelli quotes

A

“The end justifies the means”
“Results are more important than promises”
“Spread out the good, rip off the bandaid”

20
Q

Pope that dealt with Martin Luther

A

Pope Leo X excommunicated him
Then Pope Paul III created the Jesuit order, reforms, and council of Trent

21
Q

What did Pope Paul III do in response to Martin Luther?

A

Appointed reformers and attempted to end corruption
Jesuit order (1540) - highly trained religious people who converted the new world
Council of Trent (1545) - reaffirmed catholic beliefs:
- salvation comes through faith and good works
- bible was major source but not only
- Penalty for corrupt clergy
- new schools for clergy to challenge Luther’s ideas
Strengthened the Inquisition - pop-sponsored burning of books and people

22
Q

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

A

Charles V was losing power over princes - he allowed them to choose their kingdom’s religion

23
Q

Luther was a professor of…

A

Theology

24
Q

Language of the people

A

Vernacular

25
Q

Best known patron family…

A

Medici family

26
Q

Albrecht Durer

A

“German Leonardo”
Known for engravings and prints

27
Q

Donatello

A

Mainly sculptor know for ‘David’ bronze statue
Schiacciato “flattened out” technique

28
Q

Caravaggio

A

Known for ‘Narcissus’ and tenebrism
Darker depictions of the church

29
Q

What were indulgences used for?

A

The building of St Peter’s Basilica

30
Q

John Calvin

A

“Institutes of the Christian Religion”
Predestination - god chooses who will be saved

31
Q

Theocracy

A

System of government where priests rule

Modern World History (4 decks)

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