Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Italy the birthplace of the renaissance?

A

Located in the Mediterranean - spread of ideas with Islamic empire
First to get the black plague - first to recover and be prosperous
Wealthy patrons funded the arts

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2
Q

Define humanism

A

The study of the classics to become a more virtuous and well-rounded person

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3
Q

Name artistic techniques and their meanings

A

Chiaroscuro - shading with dark colors as shadows for depth
Symmetry - balance and intention of a piece
Linear perspective - use of lines from a far-away ‘vanishing point’ to create depth
Foreshortening - objects that are positioned towards the eye appear short
Sfumato - blurred color and details for far away objects
Schiacciato - shallow relief to create depth on almost flat surfaces
Tenebrism - very dark background with vibrant faces or subjects

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4
Q

Common features of renaissance artwork

A

Natural looking
Precise
Depicts common people and scenes
Emotion

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5
Q

Ninja turtles

A

Leonardo
Donatello
Raphael
Michelangelo

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6
Q

Michelangelo

A

Florentine sculptor and painter
Known for the Sistine chapel, the David, and Pieta

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7
Q

Raphael

A

Painter know for ‘the city of Athens’ and ‘transfigursation’

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8
Q

Botticelli

A

Painter known for mythological characters in his works
Soft shapes

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9
Q

Titian

A

Venetian painter known for bright colors and tenebrism
Works include ‘Bacchus and Ariadne’

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10
Q

Van Eyck

A

Flemish painter know for ‘Arnolfini portrait’
Used oil paints that would permanently dry to add layers and details

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11
Q

How was the northern renaissance different than the Italian one?

A

Northern Renaissance thinkers studied the classics to bring about moral, religious, and social change

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12
Q

Erasmus

A

German author known for ‘praise of folly’ and his humorous criticism
Christianity has strength in all people being able to read the bible

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13
Q

Sir Thomas More

A

English author and judge know for his book ‘Utopia’
Men and women should be educated, property non-existent, and crime should be destroyed, rather than criminals

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14
Q

Cervantes

A

Spanish author of ‘Don Quixote’ - a story about a crazy man who thinks he’s a knight
Middle Ages feudal mindset

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15
Q

Most important invention in the entire world…

A

Printing press, Johannes Gutenberg, 1456

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16
Q

Pillars of Protestant religion

A

Faith alone = salvation
Bible is the sole authority
Priesthood of all believers

17
Q

Martin Luther’s big document

A

‘95 Thesis’ (1517)

18
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Political diplomat for the Medici family and wrote ‘The Prince’
Talks how to be the best leader, not the ideal leader

19
Q

Machiavelli quotes

A

“The end justifies the means”
“Results are more important than promises”
“Spread out the good, rip off the bandaid”

20
Q

Pope that dealt with Martin Luther

A

Pope Leo X excommunicated him
Then Pope Paul III created the Jesuit order, reforms, and council of Trent

21
Q

What did Pope Paul III do in response to Martin Luther?

A

Appointed reformers and attempted to end corruption
Jesuit order (1540) - highly trained religious people who converted the new world
Council of Trent (1545) - reaffirmed catholic beliefs:
- salvation comes through faith and good works
- bible was major source but not only
- Penalty for corrupt clergy
- new schools for clergy to challenge Luther’s ideas
Strengthened the Inquisition - pop-sponsored burning of books and people

22
Q

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

A

Charles V was losing power over princes - he allowed them to choose their kingdom’s religion

23
Q

Luther was a professor of…

24
Q

Language of the people

A

Vernacular

25
Best known patron family…
Medici family
26
Albrecht Durer
“German Leonardo” Known for engravings and prints
27
Donatello
Mainly sculptor know for ‘David’ bronze statue Schiacciato “flattened out” technique
28
Caravaggio
Known for ‘Narcissus’ and tenebrism Darker depictions of the church
29
What were indulgences used for?
The building of St Peter’s Basilica
30
John Calvin
“Institutes of the Christian Religion” Predestination - god chooses who will be saved
31
Theocracy
System of government where priests rule