Renaissance Flashcards
Why was Italy the birthplace of the renaissance?
Located in the Mediterranean - spread of ideas with Islamic empire
First to get the black plague - first to recover and be prosperous
Wealthy patrons funded the arts
Define humanism
The study of the classics to become a more virtuous and well-rounded person
Name artistic techniques and their meanings
Chiaroscuro - shading with dark colors as shadows for depth
Symmetry - balance and intention of a piece
Linear perspective - use of lines from a far-away ‘vanishing point’ to create depth
Foreshortening - objects that are positioned towards the eye appear short
Sfumato - blurred color and details for far away objects
Schiacciato - shallow relief to create depth on almost flat surfaces
Tenebrism - very dark background with vibrant faces or subjects
Common features of renaissance artwork
Natural looking
Precise
Depicts common people and scenes
Emotion
Ninja turtles
Leonardo
Donatello
Raphael
Michelangelo
Michelangelo
Florentine sculptor and painter
Known for the Sistine chapel, the David, and Pieta
Raphael
Painter know for ‘the city of Athens’ and ‘transfigursation’
Botticelli
Painter known for mythological characters in his works
Soft shapes
Titian
Venetian painter known for bright colors and tenebrism
Works include ‘Bacchus and Ariadne’
Van Eyck
Flemish painter know for ‘Arnolfini portrait’
Used oil paints that would permanently dry to add layers and details
How was the northern renaissance different than the Italian one?
Northern Renaissance thinkers studied the classics to bring about moral, religious, and social change
Erasmus
German author known for ‘praise of folly’ and his humorous criticism
Christianity has strength in all people being able to read the bible
Sir Thomas More
English author and judge know for his book ‘Utopia’
Men and women should be educated, property non-existent, and crime should be destroyed, rather than criminals
Cervantes
Spanish author of ‘Don Quixote’ - a story about a crazy man who thinks he’s a knight
Middle Ages feudal mindset
Most important invention in the entire world…
Printing press, Johannes Gutenberg, 1456
Pillars of Protestant religion
Faith alone = salvation
Bible is the sole authority
Priesthood of all believers
Martin Luther’s big document
‘95 Thesis’ (1517)
Niccolo Machiavelli
Political diplomat for the Medici family and wrote ‘The Prince’
Talks how to be the best leader, not the ideal leader
Machiavelli quotes
“The end justifies the means”
“Results are more important than promises”
“Spread out the good, rip off the bandaid”
Pope that dealt with Martin Luther
Pope Leo X excommunicated him
Then Pope Paul III created the Jesuit order, reforms, and council of Trent
What did Pope Paul III do in response to Martin Luther?
Appointed reformers and attempted to end corruption
Jesuit order (1540) - highly trained religious people who converted the new world
Council of Trent (1545) - reaffirmed catholic beliefs:
- salvation comes through faith and good works
- bible was major source but not only
- Penalty for corrupt clergy
- new schools for clergy to challenge Luther’s ideas
Strengthened the Inquisition - pop-sponsored burning of books and people
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
Charles V was losing power over princes - he allowed them to choose their kingdom’s religion
Luther was a professor of…
Theology
Language of the people
Vernacular
Best known patron family…
Medici family
Albrecht Durer
“German Leonardo”
Known for engravings and prints
Donatello
Mainly sculptor know for ‘David’ bronze statue
Schiacciato “flattened out” technique
Caravaggio
Known for ‘Narcissus’ and tenebrism
Darker depictions of the church
What were indulgences used for?
The building of St Peter’s Basilica
John Calvin
“Institutes of the Christian Religion”
Predestination - god chooses who will be saved
Theocracy
System of government where priests rule
