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renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

the renaissance was a … movement

A

secular (non-religious)

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2
Q

renaissance began bc ppl survived plague wanted to ..

A

celebrate life + human spirit

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3
Q

focus was shifted to human potential and achievements (aka…

A

humanism

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3
Q

people began to question ..

A

authority (of the church)

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3
Q

they celebrated the … for their accomplishments (by … work)

A

individual ; signing

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4
Q

as time went on, .. were more respected for their works

A

artists + writers

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5
Q

humanism seek to study the greeks + romans, hence..

A

returning to the classics

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6
Q

humanism showed that ppl can show .. without offending …, or eating plain foods + rough clothing

A

piety ; god. people could now live in luxury, eat fine foods, and enjoy life.

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7
Q

humanism refers to the focus on the person and their .. on earth, rather than ..

A

experiences ; supernatural matters

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8
Q

the .. itself is more emphasised, showing .. and .. of people

A

individual ; expression ; emotions

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9
Q

the term renaissance means ..

A

rebirth (revival of arts and learning)

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10
Q

where did the renaissance began

A

florence italy

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11
Q

Renaissance scholars .. on the arts of the Middle Ages

A

looked down

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12
Q

renaissance scholars turned to the inspo of..

A

ancient rome + greece ruins (such as art + architecture)

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13
Q

.. were preserved in constantinople + monasteries (which were stored in libraries)

A

old manuscripts

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14
Q

studies of the humanities includes;…

A

grammars, logic, philosphy, hisotuy, as well as latin + greeek customs

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15
Q

Northern Italian city-states were the first to gain from the

A

revival of trade.

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16
Q

Italian merchants would sell goods to northern Italy and Europe, allowing them to gain

A

wealth

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17
Q

Political Conditions helped

A

individualism

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18
Q

bankers and merchants to become

A

patrons ; spending money on the arts

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19
Q

Germans and popes clashed against each other on joining Italy and Germany as…

A

allies

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20
Q

italian city-states had a form of government where citizens elect their officials, make their laws, and raise taxes.

A

republican

21
Q

However, because these city-states were not united under a …, tyrants could easily gain power leading to corruption.

A

centralized government

22
Q

Rulers often competed with to make their city better than the others

A

other cities

23
Q

Middle Ages

art styles

A

Churches were built in Romanesque and Gothic styles
Subjects are important, rather than the creator
Showed the church’s teachings: human suffering, the joys of life after death
No depth

24
Q

Renaissance

art styles

A

Showed the connection between people and nature
People began to take credit for their work
People are portrayed as individuals with feelings and emotions
Non-religious settings; still important but not the primary focus
More realism and perspective

25
Q

middle ages edu changes

A

Priests were trained for preaching
Scholars were trained for debates
Aimed at men
Focused on theology

26
Q

ren edu changes

A

Made people more well-rounded
Still aimed at men
Focused on the humanities

27
Q

medici earned their wealth thru

A

wits and business

28
Q

Medici family was a powerful banking family and the most famous member

A

Lorenzo de Medici, or Lorenzo the Magnificent.

29
Q

what did Lorenzo de Medici, or Lorenzo the Magnificent do

A

He made Florence the center of art and learning and was credited with starting the Renaissance.
Because Lorenzo de Medici was a patron who supported the arts, many artists, poets, and philosophers flocked to Florence to benefit from his generosity. Besides Lorenzo, many patrons also lived in Florence. After they had traveled to Florence to get the experience, they would travel back to their homeland to get jobs from their king/rulers.
Known as “magnificent,” because of his city’s prosperity and fame.

30
Q

Savonorola was a …. friar who accused the Medicis of not ruling justly when trade declined and gained people’s support.

A

Dominican

31
Q

how did savonorola try to overthrow the medici fam

A

He challenged the family in 1494 with his followers and was able to remove the Medici family.
He and his followers believed that Renaissance ideas caused by the Medicis were hurting Florence and the government did away with parties, gambling, and swearing. These were “signs” of corruption because of the Renaissance.

32
Q

Savonarola and his supporters … that represented the Renaissance including paintings, fancy clothes, jewelry, musical instruments, and classical books in public. This was known as the Bonfire of the Vanities, and artists like Boticelli lost their work.

A

burned anything

33
Q

He only held power for a short time before people grew tired of his strict ways and hanged Savonarola for … in 1408.

A

heresy

34
Q

As a result of their declining papal power, popes became … and sent representatives to other states and countries, collected taxes, minted money, raised armies, and fought wars.

A

political leaders

34
Q

The power of the ..declined from the 1300s to the 1400s due to the Great Schism and other factors. As they declined, the church attempted to show its “power” by building churches and palaces.

A

pope

34
Q

Rodrigo Borgia was an Italian who became ..and was criticized for marrying and creating a family as a pope. Alexander was a corrupt pope and many people did not like him.

A

Pope Alexander VI

34
Q

what did Pope Alexander VI do

A

Bribed cardinals to vote for him (simony)
His goal was to make central Italy a powerful kingdom under the Borgia Family
Spent money to build an army for one of his sons and the other son became a cardinal.
His daughter Lucretia was married off to many powerful families to improve alliances.
As a result of her marrying many times, it created problems with alliances because after they got divorced, the husband would most likely become a rival.
After the death of Pope Alexander VI, Rome replaced Florence as the center of the Renaissance. This aligns with Savonarola as the Renaissance shifts to Rome.

35
Q

Filippo Brunelleschi

A

An architect who designed the largest dome at the time in St. Maria del Fiore, or Il Duomo.
Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome.

36
Q

Donatello

A

Sculpted the first free-form statue since Roman times called the bronze David. (First free standing statue since Antiquity
)

37
Q

Michelangelo Buonarroti

A

The Pieta
Marble David
Sistine Chapel Ceiling (ORGANS)
Last Judgment

38
Q

Raffaello Sanzio [Raphael]

A

Madonnas (virgin mary)
School of Athens
(his art included all the important Greek philosophers/thinkers– great personalities of the liberal arts
- no christian themes
- located in the papal apartment’s library)

39
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci

A

Vitruvian Man
Virgin of the Rocks
Mona Lisa
Last Supper

40
Q

Sandro Botticelli

A

Birth of Venus
Primavera

41
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

Italian writer who made the vernacular language more popular.
Wrote the Divine Comedy, a story about a soul’s journey to salvation.
^a man’s journey into the afterlife

42
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

Was known as the Father of Humanism and was committed to Christian teachings.
Wrote poetry and sonnets to an imaginary woman named Laura (greatest love poems in literature.

43
Q

Giovanni Bocaccio

A

Wrote about secular and religious themes.
Used allegory in his works – meaningful fiction that means something in real life.
Wrote the Decameron, which was about the black death and mocked feudal customs and traditions.
Laid foundation for humanism
^mocked feudal customs/values/traditions

44
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

Diplomat and writer who wrote The Courtier, a guide for those who wanted to succeed in the Renaissance world.
^ideal courtier

45
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Renaissance philosopher who wrote The Prince, which is a guide on how to rule.
Thought all people were evil at heart
^guide on how to rule; he was never a ruler himself.
machiavellian; amoral, tricky, & manipulative

46
Q

“THE RENAISSANCE MAN”

A

broad knowledge in different fields
. deep knowledge/skill in one area
. can link knowledge from different subjects and create new knowledge
. the Greek idea of a “well-rounded man” was the heart of Renaissance education.

47
Q

chiaroscuro

A

treatment of light and shadow in drawings + paintings

48
Q

sfumato

A

technique of allowing tones + colors to gradually shade into one another– softened outlines, hazy forms

49
Q

what was used in art?

A

realism & expression; accuracy, feelings, movement
. perspective
. classicism
. individualism
. math; geometrical arrangement of figures
. lights & shadowing
. art as personality
. new colors

history (3 decks)

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