renaissance Flashcards
the renaissance was a … movement
secular (non-religious)
renaissance began bc ppl survived plague wanted to ..
celebrate life + human spirit
focus was shifted to human potential and achievements (aka…
humanism
people began to question ..
authority (of the church)
they celebrated the … for their accomplishments (by … work)
individual ; signing
as time went on, .. were more respected for their works
artists + writers
humanism seek to study the greeks + romans, hence..
returning to the classics
humanism showed that ppl can show .. without offending …, or eating plain foods + rough clothing
piety ; god. people could now live in luxury, eat fine foods, and enjoy life.
humanism refers to the focus on the person and their .. on earth, rather than ..
experiences ; supernatural matters
the .. itself is more emphasised, showing .. and .. of people
individual ; expression ; emotions
the term renaissance means ..
rebirth (revival of arts and learning)
where did the renaissance began
florence italy
Renaissance scholars .. on the arts of the Middle Ages
looked down
renaissance scholars turned to the inspo of..
ancient rome + greece ruins (such as art + architecture)
.. were preserved in constantinople + monasteries (which were stored in libraries)
old manuscripts
studies of the humanities includes;…
grammars, logic, philosphy, hisotuy, as well as latin + greeek customs
Northern Italian city-states were the first to gain from the
revival of trade.
Italian merchants would sell goods to northern Italy and Europe, allowing them to gain
wealth
Political Conditions helped
individualism
bankers and merchants to become
patrons ; spending money on the arts
Germans and popes clashed against each other on joining Italy and Germany as…
allies
italian city-states had a form of government where citizens elect their officials, make their laws, and raise taxes.
republican
However, because these city-states were not united under a …, tyrants could easily gain power leading to corruption.
centralized government
Rulers often competed with to make their city better than the others
other cities
Middle Ages
art styles
Churches were built in Romanesque and Gothic styles
Subjects are important, rather than the creator
Showed the church’s teachings: human suffering, the joys of life after death
No depth
Renaissance
art styles
Showed the connection between people and nature
People began to take credit for their work
People are portrayed as individuals with feelings and emotions
Non-religious settings; still important but not the primary focus
More realism and perspective
middle ages edu changes
Priests were trained for preaching
Scholars were trained for debates
Aimed at men
Focused on theology
ren edu changes
Made people more well-rounded
Still aimed at men
Focused on the humanities
medici earned their wealth thru
wits and business
Medici family was a powerful banking family and the most famous member
Lorenzo de Medici, or Lorenzo the Magnificent.
what did Lorenzo de Medici, or Lorenzo the Magnificent do
He made Florence the center of art and learning and was credited with starting the Renaissance.
Because Lorenzo de Medici was a patron who supported the arts, many artists, poets, and philosophers flocked to Florence to benefit from his generosity. Besides Lorenzo, many patrons also lived in Florence. After they had traveled to Florence to get the experience, they would travel back to their homeland to get jobs from their king/rulers.
Known as “magnificent,” because of his city’s prosperity and fame.
Savonorola was a …. friar who accused the Medicis of not ruling justly when trade declined and gained people’s support.
Dominican
how did savonorola try to overthrow the medici fam
He challenged the family in 1494 with his followers and was able to remove the Medici family.
He and his followers believed that Renaissance ideas caused by the Medicis were hurting Florence and the government did away with parties, gambling, and swearing. These were “signs” of corruption because of the Renaissance.
Savonarola and his supporters … that represented the Renaissance including paintings, fancy clothes, jewelry, musical instruments, and classical books in public. This was known as the Bonfire of the Vanities, and artists like Boticelli lost their work.
burned anything
He only held power for a short time before people grew tired of his strict ways and hanged Savonarola for … in 1408.
heresy
As a result of their declining papal power, popes became … and sent representatives to other states and countries, collected taxes, minted money, raised armies, and fought wars.
political leaders
The power of the ..declined from the 1300s to the 1400s due to the Great Schism and other factors. As they declined, the church attempted to show its “power” by building churches and palaces.
pope
Rodrigo Borgia was an Italian who became ..and was criticized for marrying and creating a family as a pope. Alexander was a corrupt pope and many people did not like him.
Pope Alexander VI
what did Pope Alexander VI do
Bribed cardinals to vote for him (simony)
His goal was to make central Italy a powerful kingdom under the Borgia Family
Spent money to build an army for one of his sons and the other son became a cardinal.
His daughter Lucretia was married off to many powerful families to improve alliances.
As a result of her marrying many times, it created problems with alliances because after they got divorced, the husband would most likely become a rival.
After the death of Pope Alexander VI, Rome replaced Florence as the center of the Renaissance. This aligns with Savonarola as the Renaissance shifts to Rome.
Filippo Brunelleschi
An architect who designed the largest dome at the time in St. Maria del Fiore, or Il Duomo.
Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome.
Donatello
Sculpted the first free-form statue since Roman times called the bronze David. (First free standing statue since Antiquity
)
Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Pieta
Marble David
Sistine Chapel Ceiling (ORGANS)
Last Judgment
Raffaello Sanzio [Raphael]
Madonnas (virgin mary)
School of Athens
(his art included all the important Greek philosophers/thinkers– great personalities of the liberal arts
- no christian themes
- located in the papal apartment’s library)
Leonardo Da Vinci
Vitruvian Man
Virgin of the Rocks
Mona Lisa
Last Supper
Sandro Botticelli
Birth of Venus
Primavera
Dante Alighieri
Italian writer who made the vernacular language more popular.
Wrote the Divine Comedy, a story about a soul’s journey to salvation.
^a man’s journey into the afterlife
Francesco Petrarch
Was known as the Father of Humanism and was committed to Christian teachings.
Wrote poetry and sonnets to an imaginary woman named Laura (greatest love poems in literature.
Giovanni Bocaccio
Wrote about secular and religious themes.
Used allegory in his works – meaningful fiction that means something in real life.
Wrote the Decameron, which was about the black death and mocked feudal customs and traditions.
Laid foundation for humanism
^mocked feudal customs/values/traditions
Baldassare Castiglione
Diplomat and writer who wrote The Courtier, a guide for those who wanted to succeed in the Renaissance world.
^ideal courtier
Niccolo Machiavelli
Renaissance philosopher who wrote The Prince, which is a guide on how to rule.
Thought all people were evil at heart
^guide on how to rule; he was never a ruler himself.
machiavellian; amoral, tricky, & manipulative
“THE RENAISSANCE MAN”
broad knowledge in different fields
. deep knowledge/skill in one area
. can link knowledge from different subjects and create new knowledge
. the Greek idea of a “well-rounded man” was the heart of Renaissance education.
chiaroscuro
treatment of light and shadow in drawings + paintings
sfumato
technique of allowing tones + colors to gradually shade into one another– softened outlines, hazy forms
what was used in art?
realism & expression; accuracy, feelings, movement
. perspective
. classicism
. individualism
. math; geometrical arrangement of figures
. lights & shadowing
. art as personality
. new colors
