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English IV > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Italian Renaissance

A

1300-1699, Italy
followed the Dark Ages (Greek & Roman)

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2
Q

Renaissance definition

A

French for rebirth

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3
Q

What were the 5 City States?

A

Venice, Milan, Florence, Papal States, Kingdom of Naples

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4
Q

What were City States?

A

They were independently ruled and very wealthy

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5
Q

Why Italy

A

Trade/Commerce, Location, Lack of Feudalism, Bankers & Wealthy Patrons.

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6
Q

Politics

A

Popolo’s, Oligarchies, Sihnoras, Communes

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7
Q

What is Popolo’s

A

Protects commoners

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8
Q

What is an Oligarches

A

Power of urban nobility

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9
Q

What is a Signora

A

When a Lord has control

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10
Q

What are Communes

A

Shared responsibility

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11
Q

The fall of Rome caused what?

A

the Italian Renaissance

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12
Q

Fundamental Ideas of the Renaissance

A

Humanism, Secularism, Individualism.

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13
Q

What is Humanism?

A

The belief was human beings are the center of life’s attention.
People are capable of reason
Classical studies
Shift from heaven and God

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14
Q

What is Secularism?

A

“of this world”
separated the state from Religion/Church
Based on material world

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15
Q

What is Individualism?

A

Focus of freedom of Individual
Freedom and Moral world
Focus on talents/uniqueness

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16
Q

Middle Ages vs. Renaissance

A

Middle Ages = discouraged self-absorption, For god
Renaissance = focused on individuals, for individual

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17
Q

Idea & Arts

A

Partons: Medici Family, Church

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18
Q

War of the Roses

A

English Civil war 1455-1487

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19
Q

Cause of the War of the Roses?

A

Edward III died, fighting for the throne between sons

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20
Q

Who were Edward III’s sons

A

Edward the Black Prince, Lionel of Antwerp, John of Gaunt, and Edmund of Langly

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21
Q

Edward the Black Prince

A

Dies = Richard II

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22
Q

What is going on?`

A

the last ruler, King Richard II (10 years old), died without an heir (usurped and murdered by Henry IV).
Technically all from the same family tree/ same grandfather (Edward III) and different dads (Richard II= Black Prince/ Henry IV= John of Gaunt who was also super rich)

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23
Q

Henry IV’s (Henry Bolingsbroke) descendants=

A

Lancaster faction (male side- John of Gaunt)

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24
Q

Edmund of Langley descendants=

A

York faction (no heirs passed to his nephew Richard 3 Duke of York- Richard’s mom was related to Lionel Antwerp)

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25
Q

Red Rose

A

Lancaster

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26
Q

White Rose

A

York

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27
Q

Pink Rose

A

Tudor

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28
Q

What Compromise did the two families make?

A

Henry VI and Richard Duke of York accept that Henry VI hold the crown until he died then it would pass to Richard and his heirs. Others disagreed, Richard dies in battle but his son, Edward IV takes the throne upon his death (York) solidifying it at the Battle of Towton

29
Q

Who takes over after Edward IV died?

A

His son Edward V, (Too young- so Richard III becomes regent)

30
Q

What did Richard III do to become king?

A

Richard sends Edward V into the Tower of London after declaring martial law. Edward V and his brother, Richard Duke of York, “vanish”

31
Q

Who are the Princes in the tower?

A

Edward V and Richard the Duke of York

32
Q

Richard III becomes king ….? Causin who to rebel?

A

Permanently
the Lancasters

33
Q

Henry Tudor

A

rebels against the Yorks, fights Richard III, kills Richard III becoming King Henry VII

34
Q

How does Henry Tudor end the War of Roses?

A

Henry VII went on to marry Elizabeth–who was Edward IV’s daughter and part of the York House

35
Q

How many people died during the war

A

50,000

36
Q

Tudor Dynasty, how many sovereigns did they produce?

A

Welsh Origin
5 they were: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.

37
Q

Henry VIII had how many wives?

A

6

38
Q

What were the names of all 6 of Henry VIII’s wives?

A

Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymore, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Cathrine Parr

39
Q

Cathrine of Aragon is the mother of who?

A

Mary I

40
Q

Anne Boleyn is the mother of who? Why is she important?

A

mother of Elizabeth I- Famous b/c Henry married her after she became pregnant

41
Q

Jane Seymore is the mother of who?

A

Edward VI

42
Q

Henry VIII’s marriage to who played a critical role in English Reformation or the move to a Protestant state?

A

Anne Boleyn

43
Q

Who is Lady Jane Grey?

A

Only a monarch for 9 days at only 15 years old
Attempt to support the Protestant Reformation. Edward VI apparently gave her the throne.

44
Q

Who was supposed to have the throne after Edward VI died?

A

Mary I

45
Q

Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) and Parliament fought this choice why?

A

Law of Succession says she should be queen

46
Q

What did Mary I support?

A

Catholic Church

47
Q

What happened to Lady Jane Grey?

A

She was beheaded by Mary I

48
Q

Who was the last Tudor Monarch?

A

Elizabeth I (virgin queen)

49
Q

In 1558 Elizabeth I established what?

A

Anglican Church

50
Q

Elizabeth I never got married and named who the heir to the throne.

A

King James VI of Scotland

51
Q

King James VI of Scotland becomes who?

A

King James I of England

52
Q

King James, I was known for what

A

King James Bible? House of Stuart

53
Q

Religious challenges

A

the Great Schism = split of the catholic church
Protestant reformation = internal life is a free gift

54
Q

Paper and Printing press

A

Johan Gutenburg 1440
printing press
Increase in text decrease cost

55
Q

Mariner’s Compass

A

Tells you what direction you’re going
Columbus, cortes, vespuci

56
Q

Gun powder

A

Chinese = fireworks
revolutionized fighting (guns)

57
Q

Other Inventions during the Renaissance

A

Barometer, Parachute, Violin, Thermoscope

58
Q

Who is Petrarch?

A

Founder of humanism
Studied law in northern Italy
Loved Roman classics, ie Cicero and Virgil
Gave up law to search for ancient manuscripts
Wrote sonnets that inspired Shakespeare

59
Q

Who is Martin Luther

A

Ninety-five theses
Excommunicated
Bible is the only source of knowledge, not the pope
Universal preist hood

60
Q

Who is Thomas More?

A

Wrote Utopia
believed communism was the only cure
Executed by King Henry VIII (refused to swear to the Act of Succession)

61
Q

Who is Giordano Bruno?

A

Heliocentric theory
Accused of heresy and burned at the stake in the Inquisition of Rome

62
Q

Who is Leonardo de Vinci?

A

Vitruvian Man, the Last Supper, Mona Lisa

63
Q

Who is Galileo Galilee?

A

Introduced the idea of relativity of motion
Actively defended the system of the world

64
Q

Who is Rene Descartes?

A

Father of modern philosophy
“I think, therefore I am”

65
Q

Who is John Locke?

A

Developed the theory of natural, innate human rights: the right to life, liberty, and property.
Believed that by nature all men are equal
Developed the doctrine of seperation of powers

66
Q

Who is Erasmus?

A

“The Praise of Folly”
Supported Protestant ideals

67
Q

Who is Miguel de Cervantes Saarverda?

A

“Don Quixote” - (1605-1615)
One of the greatest works of the Renaissance

68
Q

Who is Nicolas Copernicus?

A

Founder of the heliocentric system of the world
Basically, he agreed with a heliocentric solar system (sun is the center of the solar NOT the earth)

69
Q

Who is Isaac Newton?

A

The law of universal gravitation (gravity!), the laws of mechanical motion and light propagation, and new methods of mathematical calculations.

English IV (4 decks)

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