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English IV > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Italian Renaissance

A

1300-1699, Italy
followed the Dark Ages (Greek & Roman)

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2
Q

Renaissance definition

A

French for rebirth

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3
Q

What were the 5 City States?

A

Venice, Milan, Florence, Papal States, Kingdom of Naples

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4
Q

What were City States?

A

They were independently ruled and very wealthy

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5
Q

Why Italy

A

Trade/Commerce, Location, Lack of Feudalism, Bankers & Wealthy Patrons.

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6
Q

Politics

A

Popolo’s, Oligarchies, Sihnoras, Communes

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7
Q

What is Popolo’s

A

Protects commoners

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8
Q

What is an Oligarches

A

Power of urban nobility

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9
Q

What is a Signora

A

When a Lord has control

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10
Q

What are Communes

A

Shared responsibility

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11
Q

The fall of Rome caused what?

A

the Italian Renaissance

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12
Q

Fundamental Ideas of the Renaissance

A

Humanism, Secularism, Individualism.

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13
Q

What is Humanism?

A

The belief was human beings are the center of life’s attention.
People are capable of reason
Classical studies
Shift from heaven and God

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14
Q

What is Secularism?

A

“of this world”
separated the state from Religion/Church
Based on material world

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15
Q

What is Individualism?

A

Focus of freedom of Individual
Freedom and Moral world
Focus on talents/uniqueness

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16
Q

Middle Ages vs. Renaissance

A

Middle Ages = discouraged self-absorption, For god
Renaissance = focused on individuals, for individual

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17
Q

Idea & Arts

A

Partons: Medici Family, Church

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18
Q

War of the Roses

A

English Civil war 1455-1487

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19
Q

Cause of the War of the Roses?

A

Edward III died, fighting for the throne between sons

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20
Q

Who were Edward III’s sons

A

Edward the Black Prince, Lionel of Antwerp, John of Gaunt, and Edmund of Langly

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21
Q

Edward the Black Prince

A

Dies = Richard II

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22
Q

What is going on?`

A

the last ruler, King Richard II (10 years old), died without an heir (usurped and murdered by Henry IV).
Technically all from the same family tree/ same grandfather (Edward III) and different dads (Richard II= Black Prince/ Henry IV= John of Gaunt who was also super rich)

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23
Q

Henry IV’s (Henry Bolingsbroke) descendants=

A

Lancaster faction (male side- John of Gaunt)

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24
Q

Edmund of Langley descendants=

A

York faction (no heirs passed to his nephew Richard 3 Duke of York- Richard’s mom was related to Lionel Antwerp)

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25
Red Rose
Lancaster
26
White Rose
York
27
Pink Rose
Tudor
28
What Compromise did the two families make?
Henry VI and Richard Duke of York accept that Henry VI hold the crown until he died then it would pass to Richard and his heirs. Others disagreed, Richard dies in battle but his son, Edward IV takes the throne upon his death (York) solidifying it at the Battle of Towton
29
Who takes over after Edward IV died?
His son Edward V, (Too young- so Richard III becomes regent)
30
What did Richard III do to become king?
Richard sends Edward V into the Tower of London after declaring martial law. Edward V and his brother, Richard Duke of York, “vanish”
31
Who are the Princes in the tower?
Edward V and Richard the Duke of York
32
Richard III becomes king ....? Causin who to rebel?
Permanently the Lancasters
33
Henry Tudor
rebels against the Yorks, fights Richard III, kills Richard III becoming King Henry VII
34
How does Henry Tudor end the War of Roses?
Henry VII went on to marry Elizabeth--who was Edward IV’s daughter and part of the York House
35
How many people died during the war
50,000
36
Tudor Dynasty, how many sovereigns did they produce?
Welsh Origin 5 they were: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.
37
Henry VIII had how many wives?
6
38
What were the names of all 6 of Henry VIII's wives?
Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymore, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Cathrine Parr
39
Cathrine of Aragon is the mother of who?
Mary I
40
Anne Boleyn is the mother of who? Why is she important?
mother of Elizabeth I- Famous b/c Henry married her after she became pregnant
41
Jane Seymore is the mother of who?
Edward VI
42
Henry VIII's marriage to who played a critical role in English Reformation or the move to a Protestant state?
Anne Boleyn
43
Who is Lady Jane Grey?
Only a monarch for 9 days at only 15 years old Attempt to support the Protestant Reformation. Edward VI apparently gave her the throne.
44
Who was supposed to have the throne after Edward VI died?
Mary I
45
Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) and Parliament fought this choice why?
Law of Succession says she should be queen
46
What did Mary I support?
Catholic Church
47
What happened to Lady Jane Grey?
She was beheaded by Mary I
48
Who was the last Tudor Monarch?
Elizabeth I (virgin queen)
49
In 1558 Elizabeth I established what?
Anglican Church
50
Elizabeth I never got married and named who the heir to the throne.
King James VI of Scotland
51
King James VI of Scotland becomes who?
King James I of England
52
King James, I was known for what
King James Bible? House of Stuart
53
Religious challenges
the Great Schism = split of the catholic church Protestant reformation = internal life is a free gift
54
Paper and Printing press
Johan Gutenburg 1440 printing press Increase in text decrease cost
55
Mariner's Compass
Tells you what direction you're going Columbus, cortes, vespuci
56
Gun powder
Chinese = fireworks revolutionized fighting (guns)
57
Other Inventions during the Renaissance
Barometer, Parachute, Violin, Thermoscope
58
Who is Petrarch?
Founder of humanism Studied law in northern Italy Loved Roman classics, ie Cicero and Virgil Gave up law to search for ancient manuscripts Wrote sonnets that inspired Shakespeare
59
Who is Martin Luther
Ninety-five theses Excommunicated Bible is the only source of knowledge, not the pope Universal preist hood
60
Who is Thomas More?
Wrote Utopia believed communism was the only cure Executed by King Henry VIII (refused to swear to the Act of Succession)
61
Who is Giordano Bruno?
Heliocentric theory Accused of heresy and burned at the stake in the Inquisition of Rome
62
Who is Leonardo de Vinci?
Vitruvian Man, the Last Supper, Mona Lisa
63
Who is Galileo Galilee?
Introduced the idea of relativity of motion Actively defended the system of the world
64
Who is Rene Descartes?
Father of modern philosophy "I think, therefore I am"
65
Who is John Locke?
Developed the theory of natural, innate human rights: the right to life, liberty, and property. Believed that by nature all men are equal Developed the doctrine of seperation of powers
66
Who is Erasmus?
"The Praise of Folly" Supported Protestant ideals
67
Who is Miguel de Cervantes Saarverda?
"Don Quixote" - (1605-1615) One of the greatest works of the Renaissance
68
Who is Nicolas Copernicus?
Founder of the heliocentric system of the world Basically, he agreed with a heliocentric solar system (sun is the center of the solar NOT the earth)
69
Who is Isaac Newton?
The law of universal gravitation (gravity!), the laws of mechanical motion and light propagation, and new methods of mathematical calculations.

English IV (4 decks)

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