Ren. (Northern Italy And Writers)

Question 1

What is secular?

Answer 1

Of this world, withOUT emphasis on religion. Focuses on material world.

Question 2

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 2

• “Father of Humanism
• urged education and creativity, which had been smothered by the church
• wrote in Latin and Italian (vernacular)
• famous sonnets in Italian about his love, Laura
• first to write from humanist perspective

Question 3

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 3

• Italian
• wrote The Prince (1513)
• supporter of absolute power and absolute kings
• influenced english king and his people

Question 4

What were some specifics the book The Prince discussed?

Answer 4

• “it is better to be feared than loved”
• people are selfish, fickle, and corrupt
• prince must be as strong as a lion and as shrewd as a fox
• prince should NOT be held to a high moral standard
• as a ruler, one must do good when possible, but do evil when necessary
• the end justifies the means
• power must be kept by any means
• fear is more powerful than love

Question 5

What can The Prince be described as?

Answer 5

A modern treatise on government

Question 6

What does The Prince talk of?

Answer 6

Human nature, not in a very good way.

Question 7

What is “the end” discussed in The Prince?

Answer 7

Having, keeping, maintaining power.

Question 8

What were Niccolo Machiavelli and Francesco Petrarch known as?

Answer 8

Northern humanists

Question 9

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 9

• born in holland, 1466?-1536
• wrote (satirical) The Praise of Folly (1509)
• wrote about theology and education

Question 10

The Praise of Folly

Answer 10

•1509
•satire
•folly-foolishness
•critiqued politics of church and worldliness of clergy
-Desiderius Erasmus (written by)

Question 11

Sir Thomas More

Answer 11

• born in England, 1478-1535
• statesman, lawyer, devout Catholic
• wrote Utopia

Question 12

Utopia

Answer 12

• written by Sir Thomas More
• 1516
• imaginary land with perfect society
• the “ideal” state
• compared utopia to Europe

Question 13

The printing press

Answer 13

• Johann Gutenberg (German) modernized the printing press
• increased dissemination of information and ideas
• Gutenberg bible->first full-sized book to be printed
• vernacular->local language, increased literacy

Question 14

What was humanism?

Answer 14

An intellectual movement focusing on humans. It focused on the world from a human POV. Religion could play a part.