Removal Of Waste and Water Control Flashcards
What happened if the water or ion content in the body is wrong?
Too much water may move into and out of the cells and damage them. Water and ions enter the body when we eat and drink
How does a healthy kidney produce urine?
First filtering the blood
Reabsorbing all the sugar
Reabsorbing the dissolved ions needed in the body
Reabsorbing as much water as the body needs
Releasing urea, excess ions and water as urine
How may people who suffer from kidney failure be treated?
By using a kidney dialysis machine
Or
By having a healthy kidney treatment
What does the treatment of dialysis intail?
It resorts the concentrations of dissolved substances in the blood to normal levels and has to be carried out at regular intervals
In a dialysis machine a person’s blood flows between partially permeable membranes. The dialysis fluid contains the same concentration of useful substances as the blood. This ensures that glucose and useful mineral ions the dialysis fluid
What does a kidney transplant intail?
A diseased kidney is replaced with a healthy one from a donor. However, the donor kidney may be rejected by the immune system unless precautions are taken
What are antigens?
They are proteins on the surface of cells. The recipient’s antibodies may attack the antigens in the donor organ as they do not recognise them as part if the recipient’s body
To prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney:
A donor kidney with a “tissue-type” similar to that of the recipient is used
The recipient is treated with drugs that suppress the immune system
Where is the urea made?
In the liver
What two processes occur in the kidney to make urine?
Filtration of the blood and reabsorption of substances needed by the body
What is the purpose if dialysis?
To remove urea from the blood
Waste products that have to be removed from the body include:
Carbon dioxide - produced in respiration and removed via the lungs when we breath out
Urea - produced in the liver by the breakdown of amino acids and removed by the kidney in the urine, which is temporarily stored in the bladder
What is homeostasis?
It is the control of the body’s internal environment, to provide constant conditions, despite external changes
Advantages of kidney dialysis
Available to all kidney patients (no shortage)
No need for immune-suppressant drugs
Disadvantages of kidney dialysis
Temporary
Takes 8hr and has to be done 2 or 3 times a day
Disruptive to living a ‘normal’ life
Expensive for NHS
Advantages of kidney transplant
No longer need regular dialysis sessions giving a better quality of life
No longer need to control diet
Cheaper than long-term dialysis
