Religious pluralism and theology Flashcards

1
Q

Exclusivism

A

The view that only one religion offers the complete means of salvation

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2
Q

Inclusivism

A

The view that although one’s own religion is the normative means of salvation, those who accept its central principles may also receive salvation

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3
Q

Pluralism

A

The view that there are many ways to salvation through different religious traditions

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4
Q

Noumenal

A

A Kantian term to describe reality as it really is, unfiltered by the human mind

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5
Q

Phenomenal

A

A Kantian term to describe reality as it appears to us, filtered by the human mind/ as we experience It

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6
Q

Liberalism

A

An ideology that develops its laws based on the principle that humans flourish when given maximum freedoms and minimum control by governments

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7
Q

Plural society

A

A society that tolerates many different beliefs and lifestyles

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8
Q

Religious pluralism

A

The varieties of beliefs and practices within a particular religion, as well as varieties of different religions and their beliefs and practices

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9
Q

The epistemological problem

A

To what extent may the truth claims of non- Christian religions be considered true within Christian theology

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10
Q

The soteriological problem

A

Can people of non-christian religions or who hold no religious belief receive God’s salvation?

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11
Q

Epistemology

A

The study of knowledge

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12
Q

Soteriology

A

The study of salvation or liberation according to Christian teaching and the different ways in which humans achieve this

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13
Q

Phenomenology

A

Phenomenological existence refers to the experience of things as we encounter them and the structures of consciousness

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14
Q

Solus Christus

A

Only christ- exclusivists maintain that Christ’s death was necessary and it is only through Christ that anyone can be saved

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15
Q

Extra ecclesium nullas salus

A

No salvation outside the church- Inclusivists reject the idea that you must be a member of the visible institution of the church to be saved

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16
Q

Votum ecclesiae

A

Church of faith- or implicit faith in the church. Inclusivists maintain that you can be an implicit member of the invisible church of faith through your desires and by the way you live your life

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17
Q

Fides ex auditu

A

Hearing and understanding through the bible

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18
Q

RAE

A

Restrictive access exclusivism. Places emphasis on the sinfulness of human nature and the uniqueness of Christ as the only means of salvation. Calvinists

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19
Q

UAE

A

Universal access exclusivism. “In Christ, God was reconciling the world to himself”. “The world” UEA interprets to mean everyone. Roman Catholics and protestants

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20
Q

Sensus divinitas

A

Sense of the divine

21
Q

Global theology

A

An overarching pluralist philosophical and theological framework to aid greater understanding between world religions

22
Q

Reality- centered life

A

John Hick’s description of the spiritual or religious life focused on the real. A reality centered life is unselfish and concerned with the welfare of others

23
Q

Pluriform theological pluralism

A

Argues that there are many reals as they are experienced by each religion, each religion has its own authentic version of salvation, liberation, or knowledge

24
Q

Ethical theological pluralism

A

All religions share a soteriological aim of liberating humans from injustices, intolerance, suffering, and falsehood. Therefore all religions are soteriocentric, not reality centered

25
Q

Soteriocentric

A

Salvation centered

26
Q

An sich

A

An unknowable object (God)

27
Q

Sufficient condition

A

Is where it is enough for something to be the case

28
Q

Necessary condition

A

Where something is required for it to be the case

29
Q

The controlling beliefs which D’costa refers to include:

A
1 God and creation 
2 Sola Christus 
3 Extra ecclisium nulla salus
4 Fides ex auditu
5 Sin and election 
6 Eschatology
30
Q

God and creation (D’costa)

A

God alone created the world / holy trinity

31
Q

Sin and election (D’costa)

A

Humans are fallen and incapable of knowing God fully and for themselves. God calls and elects some for salvation

32
Q

Eschatology

A

God promises a future state of bliss or “Beatific vision” after death for the elect or damnation for the wicked

33
Q

The key question, from a Christian perspective, in the theology of religion debate is:

A

What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of salvation?

34
Q

Middle knowledge

A

God also knows with perfect knowledge what people would have done if they were in different circumstances. Enables God to know whether people would have believed the Christian message if only they had the chance to hear it

35
Q

3 different inclusivist positions:

A
  1. accept the idea that salvation is still possible for the individual who turns to a Christian faith only after death
  2. God’s omnibenevolence leaves open a possibility of salvation even for non-Christians
  3. Truth found in other religions other than Christianity is the work of Christ
36
Q

Anonymous Christian (Rahner)

A

In the decisions and attitudes, they adopt they are turning to christ without knowing it and they are not excluded from salvation, they lead lives that are open to God’s grace

37
Q

Structural inclusivism (SI)

A

The positions that any religion whose structures develop an openness to God’s grace as revealed in Jesus Christ may receive God’s salvation

38
Q

Copernicus

A

Caused a huge shift in the way scientists of his day understood the universe, the earth was not the center but that was one of many of the planets that orbited the sun.

39
Q

Theocentric

A

Centered around God (Hick supported)

40
Q

Christocentric

A

Centered around Christ

41
Q

Historical Jesus (Panikkar)

A

A particular human in history who Christians have beliefs about. E.G Messiah son of God

42
Q

Transhistorical Christ (Panikkar)

A

Who we can have a personal relationship with. This emphasizes the universality of the Christian faith. Christ is the symbol of the whole of reality

43
Q

Inter-faith dialogue

A

Discussing religious beliefs between members of different religious traditions, with an intention of reaching a better understanding

44
Q

Particularism

A

Another name for exclusivism, meaning that salvation can only be found in one particular way

45
Q

Unicity

A

The fact of being or consisting of one, or of being united as a whole

46
Q

Normative way to salvation

A

The usual or ideal way to be saved, but not necessarily the only one

47
Q

Inculpably ignorant

A

Referring to those who, through no fault of their own, have no knowledge of God

48
Q

Restrictive inclusivism

A

God makes provisions for individuals who have not heard the Gospel but respond positively to natural, conscience, etc. However, non-christian religions are not salvific- they just at best, are good preparation for salvation

49
Q

Unitary theological pluralism

UTP (John Hick)

A

Hick argues for the positive contributions of Christianity within the world but not the superiority of it over other religions. He questions whether a loving God would deny people salvation just because of their cultural heritage.