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Religious Pluralism and Society Flashcards

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1
Q

What sort of religious society is the UK?

A

A multi-faith society

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2
Q

What is a multi-faith society?

A

A society containing significant numbers of people from different faiths

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3
Q

What is social cohesion?

A

A society where people from different cultures and religions can exist harmoniously together

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4
Q

According to the UK 2011 census, what percentage of the UK are Christians?

A

59.5%

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5
Q

According to the UK 2011 census, what percentage of the UK have no religion?

A

25.7%

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6
Q

In 2008 what change did Prince Charles announce he would make to the monarch’s title?

A

Prince Charles announced that he would change the title to ‘Defender of Faith’, from the current ‘Defender of The Faith’

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7
Q

What 3 advantages does a multi-faith society bring to Christianity?

A

1) Provides opportunity for learning and thinking
2) Gives a new perspective on Christianity
3) Causes Christians to think about why they are Christians rather than another religion, rationalising their faith

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8
Q

What 3 disadvantages does a multi-faith society bring to Christianity?

A

1) A multi-faith society could undermine the uniqueness of Christianity, as it becomes ‘just another religion’
2) Could encourage children to follow false beliefs and practices
3) Spreads the idea that there are multiple ‘right’ religions

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9
Q

Define interfaith dialogue

A

Cooperative and positive interaction between people of different religions

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10
Q

What event did Pope Francis hold in October 2015?

A

The Global Interfaith Dialogue Meeting

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11
Q

What 2 aims did the 2015 Global Interfaith Dialogue Meeting seek to achieve?

A

1) Tackling religious prejudice

2) Tackling religious discrimination

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12
Q

Name 2 interfaith dialogue organisations

A

1) The Faith and Belief Forum

2) The Interfaith Network for the UK

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13
Q

Which 3 ways do interfaith dialogue organisations use to achieve their aims?

A

1) Workshops at schools
2) Cooperative Social Action Projects
3) Sports events for young refugees

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14
Q

What is the main aim of interfaith dialogue?

A

To improve relations between cultures and religions

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15
Q

What is restrictive access exclusivism?

A

Christians who believe that salvation is only possible through accepting Christ, and all other religions are wrong

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16
Q

Why would a restive access exclusivist seek to use inter-faith dialogue?

A

A restrictive access exclusivist would use inter-faith dialogue as an opportunity to convert a non-christian

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17
Q

What is fides ex auditu?

A

The idea that hearing and reading the Bible will convert you to Christianity

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18
Q

What is universal access exclusivism?

A

The idea that only through Christianity can a person achieve salvation, but other religions might have SOME truth in them too, but not enough for salvation

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19
Q

What did Vatican II say about truth in other religons?

A

non-Christian religions ‘often reflect a ray of that Truth which enlightens everyone’

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20
Q

What is Nostra Aetate?

A

A declaration made by Vatican II which is “the first in Catholic history to focus on the relationship that Catholics have with Jews.”

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21
Q

Why do exclusivists engage in inter-faith dialogue?

A

1) Learn ABOUT other religions, rather than learn FROM them
2) Ease tensions between faiths
3) Develop pastoral care for all people

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22
Q

Define Proseltysing

A

Preaching about your faith with the intention of converting someone else to believe the same as you

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23
Q

Define Evangelising

A

Preaching about your faith with the intention of converting someone else to believe the same as you

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24
Q

What is the difference between as restrictive access exclusivist and a universal access exclusivist?

A

Restrictive access exclusivists believe that salvation can only be achieved through Christianity and that there is nothing to be learnt from other religions.

Universal access exclusivists believe that salvation can only achieved through Christianity, but that there may be some truth in other religions.

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25
Q

What is inclusivism?

A

The belief that Christianity is the normative way to achieve salvation, but that salvation might also be achieved by people of other faiths.

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26
Q

How did Karl Rahner say we should act to other religons?

A

‘Tolerant, humble and yet firm towards all non-Christian religions’

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27
Q

What do inclusivists think of other religions>

A

They believe that Christianity is the superior religion, but this does not mean that other faiths are totally invalid

28
Q

What is structural inclusivism?

A

The belief that a non-Christian religion might provide a path to salvation

29
Q

What is restrictive inclusivism?

A

The belief that a non-Christian individual might achieve salvation because of the strength of their faith.

It does not matter that they are not Christian, it matters that they have strong faith and are a good person

30
Q

For structural inclusivists, what is the aim of inter-faith dialogue?

A

Understanding another religion as a whole, as other religions can achieve salvation

31
Q

For restrictive inclusivists, what is the aim of inter-faith dialogue?

A

To learn from one another as individuals, regardless of faith

32
Q

What is Dabru Emet?

A

A document published in 2000 which calls for Jews ‘to learn about the efforts of Christians to honour Judaism’ and to ‘reflect on what Judaism may now say about Christianity’

33
Q

What is ‘A Common Word Between Us and You’?

A

A 2007 letter from Muslim scholars calling for inter-faith dialogue between Christians and Muslims

34
Q

According to Qu’ran 3:64, what is the common word?

A

Qu’ran 3:64 states that the ‘common word’ is the love of God and neighbour in the quest for peace and justice

35
Q

What are the 2 differences between structural inclusivism and restrictive inclusivism?

A

Structural inclusivism puts that other religions could act as a path to salvation, whereas restrictive inclusivism puts that an individual person may achieve salvation, despite being non-Christian, due to the strength of their faith.

Structural inclusivism may take part in interfaith dialogue as they will be learning about a religion which can help you to reach salvation, whereas restrictive inclusivists may use inter-faith dialogue to learn from individuals

36
Q

What is pluralism?

A

The belief that all religions are equally valid and there are no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ religions. Religions are all human constructs trying to understand the same God

37
Q

Name a pluralist

A

Keith Ward

38
Q

What does Keith Ward say about other religions?

A

‘We should not condemn others for conscientiously holding the view they believe to be best justified. And we should not be too certain that we have formulated the truth as adequately as possible’

39
Q

What is a global faith?

A

An attitude of openness by anyone of faith who wants to understand another tradition in order to deepen and develop their faith

40
Q

Who came up with the idea of a global faith?

A

The pluralist Keith Ward

41
Q

Why would a pluralist engage in inter-faith dialogue?

A

A pluralist sees inter-faith dialogue as a way of establishing world peace

A pluralist such as John Hick would argue that pluralism helps prevent religious arrogance and helps to develop a theo-centric, rather than Christo-centric world.

42
Q

Overall, what are 3 positives of inter-faith dialogue?

A

1) Furthers understanding of other religions and opens minds
2) Can relieve tensions between religions and improve social cohesions
3) Gives perspective to religions

43
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of inter-faith dialogue?

A

1) Difficult to approach inter-faith dialogue without a ‘conversion attitude’
2) Could be disrespectful
3) Makes your own religion less unique or valuable

44
Q

What did Pope Francis say about inter-faith dialogue?

A

‘For the sake of peace, religious groups must engage in inter-faith dialogue […] Certainly, such dialogue will accentuate how varied our beliefs, traditions and practices are, but we must also be able to see what we hold in common so that new avenues will be opened for mutual esteem, cooperation and friendship’

45
Q

What was the 2017 ‘Make Friends’ initiative?

A

Leaders across a large number of world faiths encourage members of their faiths to engage with people of other faiths

46
Q

What is ‘Sharing the Gospel of Salvation’?

A

It was published in 2010 by Anglican bishops who met to discuss whether or not Christians should try to convert members of other faiths

47
Q

What did Paul Eddy, a member of the CofE, say think about inter-faith dialogue?

A

Paul Eddy believed that Christians had become too fearful of giving offence, to the extent that they no longer proclaimed that Jesus Christ was the way to salvation, but instead kept quiet and went along with the idea that everyone should be free to have their own beliefs and not be challenged.

48
Q

What did ‘Sharing the Gospel of Salvation’ conclude?

A

That Christians should share their faith by living for the good of others, rather than just telling people what they believe. Christians should be open about the Christian beliefs which inspire their good work.

49
Q

What is the quote about being open about beliefs from ‘Sharing the Gospel of Salvation’?

A

‘In multifaith contests, failure to be open about our beliefs is unhelpful’

50
Q

What is the quote about respect from ‘Sharing the Gospel of Salvation’?

A

‘Because God loves all people, all encounters must begin with respect’

51
Q

What is the quote about sharing beliefs from ‘Sharing the Gospel of Salvation’?

A

‘But if we are too cautious and we do not share openly the foundations of our beliefs, we deny a little of God’s nature to others’

52
Q

What is the quote about proclaiming one’s faith from ‘Sharing the Gospel of Salvation’?

A

‘Proclaiming one’s faith is not the same as selling a product in the marketplace […] it means rather to tell others what you think is good about what you believe and practise’

53
Q

What is ‘Redemptoris Missio’?

A

A 1990 encyclical from the Pope which stated that the Catholic Church is inclusivist, as some salvation may be found outside of the Church

54
Q

What is missionary work?

A

The work of Christians to introduce others to Christianity

55
Q

How might missionary work be perceived in a mulit-faith society?

A

It could be seen as intolerant of other religions

56
Q

What does it say in Corinthians about evangelism?

A

‘For when I preach the gospel, I cannot boast, since I am compelled to preach. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel’ - Corinthians

57
Q

What did Pope John Paul II write in Redemptoris Missio about other religions?

A

‘the Church gladly acknowledges whatever is true and holy in the religious traditions of Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam as a reflection of that truth which enlightens all people’ - Redemptoris Missio

58
Q

What did Pope John Paul II write in Redemptoris Missio about the purpose of inter-faith dialogue?

A

‘Dialogue should be conducted and implemented with the conviction that the Church is the ordinary means of salvation and that she alone possess the fullness of the means of salvation’ - Redemptoris Missio

59
Q

What is scriptural reasoning?

A

A form of inter-faith dialogue where people of different faiths come together to read, discuss, and reflect on their different scriptures

60
Q

What are 2 aims of scriptural reasoning?

A

1) Scriptural reasoning aims to help members of different faiths to ‘disagree better’
2) Alleviate tensions between different religions by deepening understanding of different religions

61
Q

What are three advantages of scriptural reasoning?

A

1) Creates friends from different religions
2) Eases tensions by exploring differences
3) Develops learning and understanding of other religions

62
Q

What are three disadvantages of scriptural reasoning?

A

1) Could become offensive and may be hard to not attempt to convert one another.
2) Hard to discuss contradictions between religious scripture without sparking a debate
3) Relativises religions

63
Q

What does it mean to relativise a religion?

A

To relativise a religion is to suggest that there are essentially no right or wrong ideas within each religion, or that there is no ultimate truth.

It is the idea that religions are just cultural expression, and therefore it does not really matter what religion a person belongs to.

64
Q

What kind of Christian was Karl Barth?

A

An exclusivist Christian

65
Q

What did Karl Barth believe about Jesus?

A

As Jesus is God Incarnate, truth can only come from Jesus, so Christianity is the only religion with any truth in it

Religion (4 decks)

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